Cited by 315Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsFlavonoids in Medical ResearchPhytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities

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Neuroinflammation: Modulation by flavonoids and mechanisms of action

Spencer, Jeremy P.E., Vafeiadou, Katerina, Williams, Robert J., Vauzour, David·2012·Molecular Aspects of Medicine

DOI 10.1016/j.mam.2011.10.016

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Abstract

Neuroinflammatory processes are known to contribute to the cascade of events culminating in the neuronal damage that underpins neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Recently, there has been much interest in the potential neuroprotective effects of flavonoids, a group of plant secondary metabolites known to have diverse biological activity in vivo. With respect to the brain, flavonoids, such as those found in cocoa, tea, berries and citrus, have been shown to be highly effective in preventing age-related cognitive decline and neurodegeneration in both animals and humans. Evidence suggests that flavonoids may express such ability through a multitude of physiological functions, including an ability to modulate the brains immune system. This review will highlight the evidence for their potential to inhibit neuroinflammation through an attenuation of microglial activation and associated cytokine release, iNOS expression, nitric oxide production and NADPH oxidase activity. We will also detail the current evidence indicting that their regulation of these immune events appear to be mediated by their actions on intracellular signaling pathways, including the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) cascade and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. As such, flavonoids represent important precursor molecules in the quest to develop of a new generation of drugs capable of counteracting neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disease.

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Important Flavonoids and Their Role as a Therapeutic Agent
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Authors: Spencer, J. P. E., Vafeiadou, K., Williams, R. J., & Vauzour, D.
Affiliations: University of Reading (GB)
University of Bath (GB)
University of East Anglia (GB)
Corresponding author: Spencer, Jeremy P.E.
ORCID: Vauzour, David
Venue: Molecular Aspects of Medicine
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2012-02
Volume: 33
Issue: 1
Pages: 83-97
ISSN: 0098-2997 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2011.10.016
OpenAlex: W1977122148
Cited by: 315
References: 159
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 17
FWCI: 1.55
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Molecular Aspects of Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
University of Hertfordshire Research Archive (University of Hertfordshire) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/G005702/1, BB/E023185/1, BB/F008953/1, BB/C518222/1)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Flavonoids in Medical Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Keywords: neuroinflammation, flavonoids, neuroprotection, neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, microglial activation, cytokine production, nitric oxide, NADPH oxidase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, NF-κB signaling, MAPK signaling, intracellular signaling, age-related cognitive decline, Theobroma cacao, tea, berries, citrus
MeSH terms: Animals, Flavonoids, Humans, Inflammation, Nervous System Diseases, Signal Transduction, Neuroprotective Agents

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Neuroinflammation: Modulation by flavonoids and mechanisms of action

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