Mechanisms and Consequences of Alternative Polyadenylation
Open accessAbstract
Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is emerging as a widespread mechanism used to control gene expression. Like alternative splicing, usage of alternative poly(A) sites allows a single gene to encode multiple mRNA transcripts. In some cases, this changes the mRNA coding potential; in other cases, the code remains unchanged but the 3' UTR length is altered, influencing the fate of mRNAs in several ways, for example, by altering the availability of RNA binding protein sites and microRNA binding sites. The mechanisms governing both global and gene-specific APA are only starting to be deciphered. Here we review what is known about these mechanisms and the functional consequences of alternative polyadenylation.
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3' UTR length can be modified by alternative splicing or alternative cleavage and polyadenylation.
“3′ UTR length of a transcript can be modified by mechanisms such as alternative splicing or alternative cleavage and polyadenylation96,97.”
From Molecular regulation of stem cell quiescence (2013) · cites this paper as [97]
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The tumor suppressor Cdc73 functionally associates with CPSF and CstF 3′ mRNA processing factors
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The role of the AU-rich elements of mRNAs in controlling translation
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Transcriptional Activators Enhance Polyadenylation of mRNA Precursors
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SRm160 Splicing Coactivator Promotes Transcript 3′-End Cleavage
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A functional human Poly(A) site requires only a potent DSE and an A‐rich upstream sequence
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To polyadenylate or to deadenylate
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Splicing factors stimulate polyadenylation via USEs at non‐canonical 3′ end formation signals
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Loss of polyadenylation protein τCstF-64 causes spermatogenic defects and male infertility
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Reexamining the polyadenylation signal: were we wrong about AAUAAA?
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Moving molecules: mRNA trafficking in mammalian oligodendrocytes and neurons
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A physical and functional link between splicing factors promotes pre-mRNA 3′ end processing
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Differential Repression of Alternative Transcripts: A Screen for miRNA Targets
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Sumoylation regulates multiple aspects of mammalian poly(A) polymerase functionPreprint
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From Transcription to mRNA: PAF Provides a New Path
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Alternative Polyadenylation Blooms
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- Authors
- Di Giammartino, D. C., Nishida, K., & Manley, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Manley, James L.
- Venue
- Molecular Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-09
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 853-866
- ISSN
- 1097-2765 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3194005
- OpenAlex
- W2087789109
- Cited by
- 737
- References
- 141
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 56 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 67 · 2013: 75 · 2012: 59
- FWCI
- 5.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Molecular Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM028983, R01 GM 28983)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA regulation and disease
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
- Keywords
- alternative polyadenylation, poly(A) site usage, mRNA isoforms, 3' UTR length, gene expression regulation, microRNA binding sites, RNA-binding proteins, mRNA stability, alternative splicing
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Binding Sites, Chromatin, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Models, Genetic, RNA, Messenger, 3' Untranslated Regions, Polyadenylation, MicroRNAs, Epigenesis, Genetic, Mice
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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