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Cited by 158Regulation of Appetite and ObesityEating Disorders and BehaviorsNutrition, Health and Food Behavior

Sensory experience of food and obesity: a positron emission tomography study of the brain regions affected by tasting a liquid meal after a prolonged fast

DelParigi, Angelo, Chen, Kewei, Salbe, Arline D., Reiman, Eric M., Tataranni, P. Antonio·2005·NeuroImage
DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.08.035
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Abstract

The sensory experience of food is a primary reinforcer of eating and overeating plays a major role in the development of human obesity. However, whether the sensory experience of a forthcoming meal and the associated physiological phenomena (cephalic phase response, expectation of reward), which prepare the organism for the ingestion of food play a role in the regulation of energy intake and contribute to the development of obesity remains largely unresolved. We used positron emission tomography (PET) and 15O-water to measure changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and to assess the brain's response to the oral administration of 2 ml of a liquid meal (Ensure Plus, 1.5 kcal/ml) after a 36-h fast and shortly before consuming the same meal. Twenty-one obese (BMI > 35 kg/m2, 10M/11F, age 28 +/- 6 years, body fat 40 +/- 6%) and 20 lean individuals (BMI < 25 kg/m2, 10M/10F, age 33 +/- 9 years, body fat 21 +/- 7%) were studied. Compared to lean individuals, obese individuals had higher fasting plasma glucose (83.3 +/- 6.2 vs. 75.5 +/- 9.6 mg/dl; P = 0.0003) and insulin concentrations (6.1 +/- 3.5 vs. 2.5 +/- 1.7 microU/ml; P < 0.0001) and were characterized by a higher score of dietary disinhibition (i.e., the susceptibility of eating behavior to emotional factors and sensory cues, 5.7 +/- 3.6 vs. 3.5 +/- 2.7; P = 0.01) assessed by the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire. In response to the sensory experience of food, differences in rCBF were observed in several regions of the brain, including greater increases in the middle-dorsal insula and midbrain, and greater decreases in the posterior cingulate, temporal, and orbitofrontal cortices in obese compared to lean individuals (P < 0.05, after small volume correction). In a multiple regression model, percentage of body fat (P = 0.04), glycemia (P = 0.01), and disinhibition (P = 0.07) were independent correlates of the neural response to the sensory experience of the meal in the middle-dorsal insular cortex (R2 = 0.45). We conclude that obesity is associated with an abnormal brain response to the sensory aspects of a liquid meal after a prolonged fast especially in areas of the primary gustatory cortex. This is only partially explained by the elevated glycemia and high level of disinhibition which characterize individuals with increased adiposity. These results provide a new perspective on the understanding of the neuroanatomical correlates of abnormal eating behavior and their relationship with obesity in humans.

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  • Obese subjects exhibit greater insular activation than normal controls when tasting a liquid meal consisting of sugar and fat.

    “Obese subjects exhibit greater insular activation than normal controls when tasting a liquid meal that consists of sugar and fat (143).”

    From Obesity and addiction: Neurobiological overlaps (2013) · cites this paper as [143]

  • Human imaging studies have shown that tasting palatable foods activated the insula and midbrain areas.

    “Human imaging studies have shown that tasting palatable foods activated the insula and midbrain areas (143,144).”

    From Obesity and addiction: Neurobiological overlaps (2013) · cites this paper as [143]

  • Obese subjects exhibit greater insular activation than normal controls when tasting a liquid meal with sugar and fat.

    “Obese subjects exhibit greater insular activation than normal control subjects when tasting a liquid meal with sugar and fat (102).”

    From The Addictive Dimensionality of Obesity (2013) · cites this paper as [102]

  • In humans, tasting palatable foods activated the insula and midbrain areas.

    “Indeed, in humans, tasting palatable foods activated the insula and midbrain areas (102,103).”

    From The Addictive Dimensionality of Obesity (2013) · cites this paper as [102]

  • Human imaging studies have shown that tasting palatable foods activated the insula and midbrain areas.

    “Human imaging studies have shown that tasting palatable foods activated the insula and midbrain areas (DelParigi et al 2005;Frank et al 2008).”

    From Food and Drug Reward: Overlapping Circuits in Human Obesity and Addiction (2011) · cites this paper as DelParigi et al 2005

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Authors
DelParigi, A., Chen, K., Salbe, A. D., Reiman, E. M., & Tataranni, P. A.
Affiliations
  • United States Department of Health and Human Services (US)
  • Banner - University Medical Center Phoenix (US)
  • Translational Genomics Research Institute (US)
Corresponding author
DelParigi, Angelo
ORCID
Venue
NeuroImage
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2005-01
Volume
24
Issue
2
Pages
436-443
ISSN
1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.08.035
OpenAlex
W2163066138
Cited by
158
References
70
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 18
FWCI
1.39
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Keywords
obesity, regional cerebral blood flow, posterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, fasting blood glucose, insulin, energy intake regulation, body fat percentage, overeating, 15O-water PET
MeSH terms
Adipose Tissue, Adult, Blood Glucose, Brain, Brain Mapping, Fasting, Female, Food, Humans, Hunger, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Perception, Reference Values, Positron-Emission Tomography

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