Effects of childhood poverty and chronic stress on emotion regulatory brain function in adulthood
Open accessAbstract
Significance: Childhood poverty has been linked to emotion dysregulation, which is further associated with negative physical and psychological health in adulthood. The current study provides evidence of prospective associations between childhood poverty and adult neural activity during effortful attempts to regulate negative emotion. Adults with lower family income at age 9 exhibited reduced ventrolateral and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity and failure to suppress amygdala activation at age 24. Chronic stressor exposure across childhood mediated the relations between family income at age 9 and prefrontal cortex activity. The concurrent adult income, on the other hand, was not associated with neural activity. The information on the developmental timing of poverty effects and neural mechanisms may inform early interventions aimed at reducing health disparities.
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Chronic stress has also been shown to weaken PFC functional connectivity and PFC regulation of the amygdala, and to increase the volume of the putamen, thus accentuating the switch from flexible goal-directed to habitual responding.
“Chronic stress has also been shown to weaken PFC functional connectivity80 and PFC regulation of the amygdala81, and to increase the volume of the putamen, thus accentuating the switch from flexible goal-directed to habitual responding82.”
From Stress weakens prefrontal networks: molecular insults to higher cognition (2015) · cites this paper as [81]
Groups who experienced greater adversity demonstrated greater neural reactivity to negative images in amygdala and different patterns of activation in prefrontal cortex compared to groups experiencing less adversity.
“In both studies, the groups who had experienced greater adversity demonstrated greater neural reactivity to negative images in amygdala and different patterns of activation in prefrontal cortex compared to the groups experiencing less adversity.”
From The neuroscience of emotion regulation development: Implications for education (2016) · cites this paper as [31]
Growing up in poverty can have a negative effect on the developing brain and one's ability to regulate emotions.
“Growing up in conditions of poverty also can have a negative effect on the developing brain and one's ability to regulate emotions.”
From The neuroscience of emotion regulation development: Implications for education (2016) · cites this paper as [31]
Acute stress and chronic stress can have deleterious effects on cognitive abilities.
“However, acute stress (e.g. test anxiety) and outside factors contributing to chronic stress (e.g. poverty) can have deleterious effects on one's cognitive abilities [4,30,31].”
From The neuroscience of emotion regulation development: Implications for education (2016) · cites this paper as [31]
Adults who experienced poverty during childhood show decreased dlPFC and vlPFC activation and increased amygdala activation during a reappraisal task compared to adults with higher childhood family incomes.
“Kim et al., found decreased dlPFC and vlPFC activation and increased amygdala activation during a reappraisal task in adults who had experienced poverty during childhood compared to adults whose families had higher incomes during childhood [31].”
From The neuroscience of emotion regulation development: Implications for education (2016) · cites this paper as [31]
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- Authors
- Kim, P., Evans, G. W., Angstadt, M., Ho, S. S., Sripada, C. S., Swain, J. E., Liberzon, I., & Phan, K. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Denver (US)
- Cornell University (US)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109;
- University of Michigan (US)
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2013-10-21
- Volume
- 110
- Issue
- 46
- Pages
- 18442-18447
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC3831978
- OpenAlex
- W2029029903
- Cited by
- 610
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 70 · 2020: 96 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 57 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 17
- FWCI
- 35.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (K23AA020297)
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (RC2MD004767)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- child poverty, chronic stress, emotion regulation, amygdala, prefrontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, household income, neural circuits, developmental timing, adult income, stress exposure
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Affective Symptoms, Child, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, New England, Poverty, Stress, Psychological, Prefrontal Cortex, Young Adult
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