Functional Brain Networks Are Dominated by Stable Group and Individual Factors, Not Cognitive or Daily Variation
Open accessAbstract
The organization of human brain networks can be measured by capturing correlated brain activity with fMRI. There is considerable interest in understanding how brain networks vary across individuals or neuropsychiatric populations or are altered during the performance of specific behaviors. However, the plausibility and validity of such measurements is dependent on the extent to which functional networks are stable over time or are state dependent. We analyzed data from nine high-quality, highly sampled individuals to parse the magnitude and anatomical distribution of network variability across subjects, sessions, and tasks. Critically, we find that functional networks are dominated by common organizational principles and stable individual features, with substantially more modest contributions from task-state and day-to-day variability. Sources of variation were differentially distributed across the brain and differentially linked to intrinsic and task-evoked sources. We conclude that functional networks are suited to measuring stable individual characteristics, suggesting utility in personalized medicine.
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Studies with long scan times have revealed that both task-based and resting-state brain activity measures can be obtained with high reliability and precision, allowing researchers to focus on individuals rather than groups.
“Studies with these long scan times have revealed that both task-based and resting-state brain activity measures can be obtained with high reliability and precision, allowing researchers to focus on individuals rather than on groups.”
From Precision clinical trials: a framework for getting to precision medicine for neurobehavioural disorders (2021) · cites this paper as [106]
Precision brain-mapping has shown individual differences in the organization of functional networks across the cerebral cortex and in subcortical structures such as the amygdala.
“Precision brain-mapping, which involves the collection of several hours of imaging data from individual patients, has shown individual differences in the organization of functional networks across the cerebral cortex,104–107 as well as in subcortical structures such as the amygdala.108”
From Precision clinical trials: a framework for getting to precision medicine for neurobehavioural disorders (2021) · cites this paper as [106]
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- Authors
- Gratton, C., Laumann, T. O., Nielsen, A. N., Greene, D. J., Gordon, E. M., Gilmore, A. W., Nelson, S. M., Coalson, R. S., Snyder, A. Z., Schlaggar, B. L., Dosenbach, N. U. F., & Petersen, S. E.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Baylor University (US)
- Texas A&M Health Science Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gratton, Caterina
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-04
- Volume
- 98
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 439-452.e5
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5912345
- OpenAlex
- W2802442632
- Cited by
- 846
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 78 · 2025: 84 · 2024: 124 · 2023: 98 · 2022: 103 · 2021: 136 · 2020: 97 · 2019: 88 · 2018: 38
- FWCI
- 53.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- NIH (F32NS092290, NS088590, TR000448, MH100872, MH104592, 1P30NS098577, HD087011)
- Jacobs Foundation (2016121703)
- Child Neurology Foundation
- McDonnell Center for Systems Neuroscience
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (14-011)
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders
- American Psychological Association
- Dart Neuroscience LLC
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- functional brain networks, network stability, interindividual variability, day-to-day variability, intrinsic brain activity, network organization, personalized medicine
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cognition, Female, Humans, Individuality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Nerve Net, Psychomotor Performance
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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