The DOI matches its Crossref record; 97 of the 98 references it cites were found in a registry or an index, and 1 are not checked yet.
Neural correlates of retrieval-based memory enhancement: An fMRI study of the testing effect
Open accessAbstract
Restudying material is a common method for learning new information, but not necessarily an effective one. Research on the testing effect shows that practice involving retrieval from memory can facilitate later memory in contrast to passive restudy. Despite extensive behavioral work, the brain processes that make retrieval an effective learning strategy remain unclear. In the present experiment, we explored how initially retrieving items affected memory a day later as compared to a condition involving traditional restudy. In contrast to restudy, initial testing that contributed to future memory success was associated with engagement of several regions including the anterior hippocampus, lateral temporal cortices, and medial prefrontal cortex (PFC). Additionally, testing enhanced hippocampal connectivity with ventrolateral PFC and midline regions. These findings indicate that the testing effect may be contingent on processes that are typically thought to support memory success at encoding (e.g. relational binding, selection and elaboration of semantically-related information) in addition to those more often associated with retrieval (e.g. memory search).
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Studies examining the encoding phase of test-effect paradigms have demonstrated that the long-term retention advantage attributed to retrieval practice is based on the enhancement of cognitive processes that involve both memory successes at encoding (i.e., strengthening associations between cues and responses) and at retrieval (i.e., memory search processes).”
From Neural Correlates of Long-Term Memory Enhancement Following Retrieval Practice (2021) · cites this paper as Wing et al., 2013
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Posterior parietal cortex activations have consistently been observed during similar studies of the testing effect during encoding (Eriksson et al., 2011; Nelson et al., 2013; Wing et al., 2013; Van den Broek et al., 2013; Keresztes et al., 2014; Liu et al., 2014; Vestergren and Nyberg, 2014; Wirebring et al., 2015) and retrieval (Keresztes et al., 2014; Wirebring et al., 2015).”
From Neural Correlates of Long-Term Memory Enhancement Following Retrieval Practice (2021) · cites this paper as Wing et al., 2013
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Activations in the anterior cingulate cortex (Eriksson et al., 2011), middle temporal gyri (Van den Broek et al., 2013), anterior hippocampus, lateral temporal neocortex, and medial prefrontal cortex (Wing et al., 2013) have all been related to encoding differences in individuals who practiced both study and retrieval vs. repeated study only.”
From Neural Correlates of Long-Term Memory Enhancement Following Retrieval Practice (2021) · cites this paper as Wing et al., 2013
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Episodic memory: from mind to brain
Tulving, E. (2002) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135114 · Cited by 4,950
(2007) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.4135/9781446212967.n15 · Cited by 3,749
Test-Enhanced Learning: Taking Memory Tests Improves Long-Term Retention
Roediger, H. L., & Karpicke, J. D. (2006) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01693.x · Cited by 2,867
The Medial Temporal Lobe and Recognition Memory
Eichenbaum, H., Yonelinas, A. P., & Ranganath, C. (2007) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.30.051606.094328 · Cited by 2,580
Levels of processing versus transfer appropriate processing
Morris, C. D., Bransford, J. D., & Franks, J. J. (1977) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(77)80016-9 · Cited by 2,296
Repetition and the brain: neural models of stimulus-specific effects
Grill-Spector, K., Henson, R., & Martin, A. (2006) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.11.006 · Cited by 2,256
Role of left inferior prefrontal cortex in retrieval of semantic knowledge: A reevaluation
Thompson‐Schill, S. L., D’Esposito, M., Aguirre, G. K., & Farah, M. J. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.26.14792 · Cited by 2,137
The University of South Florida free association, rhyme, and word fragment norms
Nelson, D. L., McEvoy, C. L., & Schreiber, T. A. (2004) · Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers · doi:10.3758/bf03195588 · Cited by 1,961
The critical role of retrieval practice in long-term retention
Roediger, H. L., & Butler, A. C. (2011) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2010.09.003 · Cited by 1,796 · cited 3×
“: +1 E-m journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/neuropsychologia Neural correlates of retrieval-based memory enhancement: An fMRI study of the testing effect Erik A. Wing a,b,n, Elizabeth J. Marsh a, Roberto Cabeza a,b a Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Box 90086, 417…”
BackgroundThe Critical Importance of Retrieval for Learning
Karpicke, J. D., & Roediger, H. L. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1152408 · Cited by 1,791
Building Memories: Remembering and Forgetting of Verbal Experiences as Predicted by Brain Activity
Wagner, A. D., Schacter, D. L., Rotte, M., Koutstaal, W., Maril, A., Dale, A. M., Rosen, B. R., & Buckner, R. L. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.281.5380.1188 · Cited by 1,644 · cited 1×
“Within left PFC, SMEs in ventrolateral regions are assumed to reflect processing and evaluation of semantic features (Otten, Henson, & Rugg, 2001; Wagner et al., 1998).”
BackgroundPattern separation in the hippocampus
Yassa, M. A., & Stark, C. E. L. (2011) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2011.06.006 · Cited by 1,544
Daselaar, S. M. (2009) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/neuro.09.013.2009 · Cited by 1,501 · cited 3×
“In fact, these regions often show “negative SMEs” by displaying greater activity for subsequently forgotten than remembered items (Daselaar et al., 2009; Huijbers et al., 2012; Uncapher & Wagner, 2009).”
Left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and the cognitive control of memory
Badre, D., & Wagner, A. D. (2007) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.06.015 · Cited by 1,471
Eichenbaum (2004) · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2004.08.028 · Cited by 1,464
Norman, K. A., & O'Reilly, R. C. (2003) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.110.4.611 · Cited by 1,312
Schemas and Memory Consolidation.
Tse, D., Langston, R. F., Kakeyama, M., Bethus, I., Spooner, P. A., Wood, E. R., Witter, M. P., & Morris, R. G. M. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1135935 · Cited by 1,244
Item, context and relational episodic encoding in humans
Davachi, L. (2006) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2006.10.012 · Cited by 1,138 · cited 1×
“Within the MTL, SMEs in the hippocampus have been attributed to the storage of new contextual or semantic associations, which allow later recollection (Davachi, 2006; Eichenbaum, 2004; Norman & O'Reilly, 2003; Prince, Daselaar, & Cabeza, 2005).”
BackgroundThe Anatomical Connections of the Macaque Monkey Orbitofrontal Cortex. A Review
Cavada, C. (2000) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/10.3.220 · Cited by 917
Measuring functional connectivity during distinct stages of a cognitive task
Rissman, J., Gazzaley, A. H., & D’Esposito, M. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.06.035 · Cited by 917
Multiple routes to memory: distinct medial temporal lobe processes build item and source memories
Davachi, L., Mitchell, J. P., & Wagner, A. D. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0337195100 · Cited by 899
Observing the transformation of experience into memory
Paller, K. A., & Wagner, A. D. (2002) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01845-3 · Cited by 852
Separating the brain regions involved in recollection and familiarity in recognition memory
Yonelinas, A. P., Otten, L. J., Shaw, K. N., & Rugg, M. D. (2005) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5295-04.2005 · Cited by 813
Spaniol, J., Davidson, P. S. R., Kim, A. S. N., Han, H., Moscovitch, M., & Grady, C. L. (2009) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.02.028 · Cited by 791 · cited 4×
“The functional connectivity difference in posterior midline is interesting because this region in known to play a very different role during retrieval than at encoding (Spaniol et al., 2009).”
BackgroundInfluentialSemantic dementia: a unique clinicopathological syndrome
Hodges, J. R., & Patterson, K. (2007) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(07)70266-1 · Cited by 772
Dissociable correlates of recollection and familiarity within the medial temporal lobes
Ranganath, C., Yonelinas, A. P., Cohen, M. X., Dy, C. J., Tom, S. M., & D’Esposito, M. (2004) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2003.07.006 · Cited by 689 · cited 1×
“Numerous studies using verbal material have reported hippocampal activity for encoding that led to subsequent source or relational memory (Davachi, Mitchell, & Wagner, 2003; Ranganath et al., 2004; Uncapher, Otten, & Rugg, 2006), with a similar pattern evident for analogous comparisons during the retrieval phase (Giov…”
ResultRepeated retrieval during learning is the key to long-term retention☆
Karpicke, J. D., & ROEDIGERIII, H. (2006) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/j.jml.2006.09.004 · Cited by 647
Neural activity that predicts subsequent memory and forgetting: A meta-analysis of 74 fMRI studies
Kim, H. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.09.045 · Cited by 631
Schema-dependent gene activation and memory encoding in neocortex
Tse, D., Takeuchi, T., Kakeyama, M., Kajii, Y., Okuno, H., Tohyama, C., Bito, H., & Morris, R. G. M. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1205274 · Cited by 618
The influence of retrieval on retention
Carrier, L. M., & Pashler, H. (1992) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03202713 · Cited by 580
Devlin, J. T., Matthews, P. M., & Rushworth, M. F. S. (2003) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892903321107837 · Cited by 577
Zeithamová, D., Dominick, A. L., & Preston, A. R. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.05.010 · Cited by 557
Neuroimaging studies of semantic memory: inferring “how” from “where”
Thompson‐Schill, S. L. (2002) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(02)00161-6 · Cited by 556
Test format and corrective feedback modify the effect of testing on long-term retention
Kang, S. H. K., McDermott, K. B., & Roediger, H. L. (2007) · European Journal of Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1080/09541440601056620 · Cited by 513
Cue strength as a moderator of the testing effect: The benefits of elaborative retrieval.
Carpenter, S. K. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037/a0017021 · Cited by 503 · cited 2×
“For instance, in word pair learning, the testing effect is larger for weakly rather than strongly related word pairs, as would be expected if pairs with lower intrinsic relatedness benefited to a greater extent by semantic binding during testing (Carpenter, 2009).”
BackgroundHippocampal Contributions to Episodic Encoding: Insights From Relational and Item-Based Learning
Davachi, L., & Wagner, A. D. (2002) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.2002.88.2.982 · Cited by 475
Triple Dissociation in the Medial Temporal Lobes: Recollection, Familiarity, and Novelty
Daselaar, S. M., Fleck, M. S., & Cabeza, R. E. L. (2006) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.01029.2005 · Cited by 453
van Kesteren, M. T. R., Fernández, G., Norris, D. G., & Hermans, E. J. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0914892107 · Cited by 449
Neural response suppression, haemodynamic repetition effects, and behavioural priming
Henson, R. N., & Rugg, M. D. (2002) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(02)00159-8 · Cited by 444
Otten, L. J. (2001) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/124.2.399 · Cited by 412
When less means more: deactivations during encoding that predict subsequent memory
Daselaar, S. M., Prince, S. E., & Cabeza, R. E. L. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.07.031 · Cited by 404
McDermott, K. B., Petersen, S. E., Watson, J. M., & Ojemann, J. G. (2003) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(02)00162-8 · Cited by 393
The "testing" phenomenon: Not gone but nearly forgotten.
Glover, J. A. (1989) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.81.3.392 · Cited by 392
Carpenter, S. K., & Delosh, E. L. (2006) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03193405 · Cited by 386
Larsen, D. P., Butler, A. C., & Roediger III, H. L. (2009) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03518.x · Cited by 383
Why Testing Improves Memory: Mediator Effectiveness Hypothesis
Pyc, M. A., & Rawson, K. A. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1191465 · Cited by 371
Sperling, R. A., Chua, E. F., Cocchiarella, A. J., Rand‐Giovannetti, E., Poldrack, R. A., Schacter, D. L., & Albert, M. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00391-4 · Cited by 370 · cited 1×
“Consistent with the localization of observed SME effects, several studies of relational encoding have found activity in the anterior hippocampus that tracks subsequent memory success (Jackson & Schacter, 2004; Prince et al., 2005; Sperling et al., 2003).”
BackgroundUncapher, M. R., & Wagner, A. D. (2008) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2008.10.011 · Cited by 349
Segregating the functions of human hippocampus
Strange, B. A., Fletcher, P. C., Henson, R. N., Friston, K. J., & Dolan, R. J. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.7.4034 · Cited by 334
Differential Encoding Mechanisms for Subsequent Associative Recognition and Free Recall
Staresina, B. P., & Davachi, L. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2877-06.2006 · Cited by 326
Generalizing test-enhanced learning from the laboratory to the classroom
Mcdaniel, M. A., Roediger, H. L., & Mcdermott, K. B. (2007) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03194052 · Cited by 326
Prince, S. E., Daselaar, S. M., & Cabeza, R. E. L. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2540-04.2005 · Cited by 314 · cited 4×
“Within left PFC, encoding success was associated with ventrolateral regions, and retrieval success with dorsolateral regions (Prince et al., 2005).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialMedial Temporal Lobe Activity Predicts Successful Relational Memory Binding
Hannula, D. E., & Ranganath, C. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3086-07.2008 · Cited by 304
Decreased demands on cognitive control reveal the neural processing benefits of forgetting
Kuhl, B. A., Dudukovic, N. M., Kahn, I., & Wagner, A. D. (2007) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1918 · Cited by 293
Carpenter, S. K. (2011) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/a0024140 · Cited by 275
Sullivan Giovanello, K., Schnyer, D. M., & Verfaellie, M. (2004) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.10182 · Cited by 265 · cited 1×
“, 2004; Uncapher, Otten, & Rugg, 2006), with a similar pattern evident for analogous comparisons during the retrieval phase (Giovanello et al., 2004; Yonelinas, Otten, Shaw, & Rugg, 2005).”
ResultFernández, G., Weyerts, H., Schrader-Bölsche, M., Tendolkar, I., Smid, H. G. O. M., Tempelmann, C., Hinrichs, H., Scheich, H., Elger, C. E., Mangun, G. R., et al. (1998) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-05-01841.1998 · Cited by 253 · cited 1×
“Hippocampal activity has also been observed during successful encoding (Fernández et al., 1998; Habib & Nyberg, 2008; Staresina & Davachi, 2006) and retrieval (Meltzer & Constable, 2005; de Zubicaray et al.”
MethodKantak, S. S., Stinear, J. W., Buch, E. R., & Cohen, L. G. (2012) · Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair · doi:10.1177/1545968311420845 · Cited by 245
Linking Implicit and Explicit Memory: Common Encoding Factors and Shared Representations
Turk‐Browne, N. B., Yi, D.-J., & Chun, M. M. (2006) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.01.030 · Cited by 236
Functional connectivity with the hippocampus during successful memory formation
Ranganath, C., Heller, A. S., Cohen, M. X., Brozinsky, C. J., & Rissman, J. (2005) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.20141 · Cited by 235
The anterior temporal lobes and the functional architecture of semantic memory
Simmons, W. K., & Martin, A. D. (2009) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617709990348 · Cited by 228
Stark, C. E. L., & Okado, Y. (2003) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-17-06748.2003 · Cited by 220
Task-dependency of the Neural Correlates of Episodic Encoding as Measured by fMRI
Otten, L. J. (2001) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/11.12.1150 · Cited by 216
Encoding activity in anterior medial temporal lobe supports subsequent associative recognition
Jackson, O., & Schacter, D. L. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.09.050 · Cited by 211
Uncapher, M. R., Otten, L. J., & Rugg, M. D. (2006) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.08.011 · Cited by 206
Encoding Processes during Retrieval Tasks
Buckner, R. L., Wheeler, M. E., & Sheridan, M. A. (2001) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/08989290151137430 · Cited by 202
Otten, L. J., & Rugg, M. D. (2001) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(01)00454-7 · Cited by 190
Snowden, J. S., Griffiths, H. L., & Neary, D. (1996) · Cognitive Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/026432996381674 · Cited by 183
The testing effect in recognition memory: A dual process account.
Chan, J. C. K., & McDermott, K. B. (2007) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.33.2.431 · Cited by 175
What types of learning are enhanced by a cued recall test?
Carpenter, S. K., Pashler, H., & Vul, E. (2006) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03194004 · Cited by 172
Huijbers, W., Pennartz, C. M. A., Cabeza, R. E. L., & Daselaar, S. M. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017463 · Cited by 165
The Testing Effect and the Retention Interval: Questions and Answers
Toppino, T. C., & Cohen, M. S. (2009) · Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1027/1618-3169.56.4.252 · Cited by 160
Saykin, A. J., Johnson, S. C., Flashman, L. A., McAllister, T. W., Sparling, M. B., Darcey, T. M., Moritz, C. H., Guerin, S. J., Weaver, J. B., & Mamourian, A. C. (1999) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/122.10.1963 · Cited by 142
Testing beyond words: using tests to enhance visuospatial map learning
Carpenter, S. K., & Pashler, H. (2007) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03194092 · Cited by 133
Cognitive neuroscience: Forgetting of things past
Wagner, A. D., & Davachi, L. (2001) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(01)00575-9 · Cited by 129
Interactions Between Forms of Memory: When Priming Hinders New Episodic Learning
Wagner, A. D., Maril, A., & Schacter, D. L. (2000) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892900564064 · Cited by 119
Huijbers, W., Vannini, P., Sperling, R. A., Pennartz, C. M. A., Cabeza, R. E. L., & Daselaar, S. M. (2012) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.08.021 · Cited by 118 · cited 1×
“In fact, these regions often show “negative SMEs” by displaying greater activity for subsequently forgotten than remembered items (Daselaar et al., 2009; Huijbers et al., 2012; Uncapher & Wagner, 2009).”
BackgroundSelection demands versus association strength in the verb generation task
Martin, R. C., & Cheng, Y. (2006) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03193859 · Cited by 114
Spaced Learning Enhances Subsequent Recognition Memory by Reducing Neural Repetition Suppression
Xue, G., Mei, L., Chen, C., Lu, Z., Poldrack, R. A., & Dong, Q. (2010) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2010.21532 · Cited by 114
Rosenbaum, R. S., Kim, A. S. N., & Baker, S. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809324-5.21037-7 · Cited by 111
Enhancing Retention Through Reconsolidation
Finn, B., & Roediger, H. L., III (2011) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797611407932 · Cited by 103
Episodic and semantic memory: Where should we go from here?
Tulving, E. (1986) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00047257 · Cited by 103
Retrieval from Episodic Memory: Neural Mechanisms of Interference Resolution
Wimber, M., Rutschmann, R. M., Greenlee, M. W., & Bäuml, K. T. (2008) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21043 · Cited by 102
Fletcher, P. C., Stephenson, C., Carpenter, T. A., Donovan, T., & Bullmore, E. T. (2003) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70875-x · Cited by 97
Meltzer, J. A., & Constable, R. T. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.09.001 · Cited by 86
The Medial Temporal Lobe Distinguishes Old from New Independently of Consciousness
Daselaar, S. M., Fleck, M. S., Prince, S. E., & Cabeza, R. E. L. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0258-06.2006 · Cited by 84
Neural Correlates of Availability and Accessibility in Memory
Habib, R., & Nyberg, L. H. (2007) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhm201 · Cited by 83
Tests enhance retention and transfer of spatial learning
Carpenter, S. K., & Kelly, J. W. (2012) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-012-0221-2 · Cited by 77
Relating semantic and episodic memory systems
Menon, V., Anderson, J. M. B., Schatzberg, A. F., & Reiss, A. L. (2002) · Cognitive Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0926-6410(01)00120-3 · Cited by 52 · cited 1×
“Exploring the relationship between semantic and episodic memory, Menon et al. (2002) found that activity in left lateral temporal cortex (BA 21/22) corresponded to successful retrieval both for the semantic properties of words, and for their mnemonic status in an episodic memory test (Menon, Boyett-Anderson, Schatzber…”
MethodWhen Learning and Remembering Compete: A Functional MRI Study
Huijbers, W., Pennartz, C. M. A., Cabeza, R. E. L., & Daselaar, S. M. (2009) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000011 · Cited by 46
Vannini, P., Hedden, T., Sullivan, C., & Sperling, R. A. (2012) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22011 · Cited by 45
Rewiring the brain with repeated retrieval: a parametric fMRI study of the testing effect
Eriksson, J., Kalpouzos, G., & Nyberg, L. (2011) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2011.08.061 · Cited by 45 · cited 2×
“Research on the testing effect has only recently begun to consider the role of consolidation, (Eriksson et al., 2011; Finn & Roediger, 2011).”
BackgroundDecrements in Hippocampal Activity with Item Repetition during Continuous Recognition: An fMRI Study
Suzuki, M., Johnson, J. D., & Rugg, M. D. (2010) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2010.21535 · Cited by 39
Manelis, A., Paynter, C. A., Wheeler, M. E., & Reder, L. M. (2012) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.22053 · Cited by 28
Comparing the Effects of Testing and Restudying on Recollection in Recognition Memory
Verkoeijen, P. P. J. L., Tabbers, H. K., & Verhage, M. L. (2011) · Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) · doi:10.1027/1618-3169/a000117 · Cited by 25
Support for an auto-associative model of spoken cued recall: Evidence from fMRI
de Zubicaray, G. I., McMahon, K. L., Eastburn, M., Pringle, A. J., Lorenz, L., & Humphreys, M. S. (2006) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.08.013 · Cited by 24
Suzuki, M., Johnson, J. D., & Rugg, M. D. (2010) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.20781 · Cited by 22
Lepage (1998) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1063(1998)8:4
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Gamification in the classroom: Examining the impact of gamified quizzes on student learning
Sanchez, D. R., Langer, M., & Kaur, R. (2019) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103666 · Cited by 397
Retrieval as a fast route to memory consolidation
Antony, J. W., Ferreira, C. S., Norman, K. A., & Wimber, M. (2017) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2017.05.001 · Cited by 242
Neurobiological Basis of Language Learning Difficulties
Krishnan, S., Watkins, K. E., & Bishop, D. (2016) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2016.06.012 · Cited by 227
Sekeres, M. J., Bonasia, K., St‐Laurent, M., Pishdadian, S., Winocur, G., Grady, C. L., & Moscovitch, M. (2016) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.039057.115 · Cited by 182
“Repeated testing also enhanced functional connectivity between the hippo- campus, and the medial prefrontal and posterior cingulate cortex (Wing et al. 2013), all key regions within the recollection network (Rugg and Vilberg 2013).”
BackgroundThe Simple Act of Choosing Influences Declarative Memory
Murty, V. P., DuBrow, S., & Davachi, L. (2015) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4181-14.2015 · Cited by 165
“Recent work has begun to investigate the mechanisms guiding active learning, focusing primarily on understanding the contribution of executive processes, such as re-study decisions (Voss et al., 2011b; Wing et al., 2013; Yee et al., 2014).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Wing, E. A., Marsh, E. J., & Cabeza, R.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wing, Erik A.
- Venue
- Neuropsychologia
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-10
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2360-2370
- ISSN
- 0028-3932 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3932674
- OpenAlex
- W2112760334
- Cited by
- 111
- References
- 97
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 3.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Neuropsychologia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R56AG023770, R56 AG23770)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- testing effect, retrieval practice, restudy, memory enhancement, neural correlates, anterior hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, hippocampal connectivity, memory search, relational binding, semantic elaboration
- MeSH terms
- Brain Mapping, Hippocampus, Humans, Learning, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Memory, Neural Pathways, Mental Recall, Temporal Lobe, Prefrontal Cortex
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
