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Neuron number decreases in the rat ventral, but not dorsal, medial prefrontal cortex between adolescence and adulthood

Markham, J.A., Morris, J.R., Juraska, J.M.·2007·Neuroscience

DOI 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.10.015

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Abstract

Neuroimaging studies have established that there are losses in the volume of gray matter in certain cortical regions between adolescence and adulthood, with changes in the prefrontal cortex being particularly dramatic. Previous work from our laboratory has demonstrated that cell death can occur as late as the fourth postnatal week in the rat cerebral cortex. The present study examined the possibility that neuronal loss may occur between adolescence and adulthood in the rat prefrontal cortex. Rats of both sexes were examined during adolescence (at day 35) and young adulthood (at day 90). The volume, neuronal number, and glial number of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were quantified using unbiased stereological techniques. Neurons were lost from the ventral, but not dorsal, mPFC between adolescence and adulthood, suggesting a late wave of apoptosis that was region-specific. This was accompanied by a decrease in the volume of the female ventral mPFC. In contrast to neuron number, the number of glial cells was stable in the ventral mPFC and increased between adolescence and adulthood in the dorsal mPFC. Sex-specific developmental changes in neuron number, glial number, and volume resulted in sex differences in adults that were not seen during adolescence. The loss of neurons at this time may make the peri-adolescent prefrontal cortex particularly susceptible to the influence of environmental factors.

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Authors: Markham, J. A., Morris, J. R., & Juraska, J. M.
Affiliations: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
ORCID: Juraska, J.M.
Venue: Neuroscience
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2007-02
Volume: 144
Issue: 3
Pages: 961-968
ISSN: 0306-4522 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.10.015
OpenAlex: W2058932154
Cited by: 230
References: 51
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 1.79
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD07333, T32HD007333)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Keywords: neuronal loss, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, adolescence, adulthood, apoptosis, gray matter volume, glial cells, sex differences, postnatal development, rat brain
MeSH terms: Aging, Animals, Cell Count, Environment, Female, Male, Nerve Fibers, Myelinated, Neuroglia, Neuronal Plasticity, Neurons, Sex Characteristics, Cell Death, Prefrontal Cortex, Rats, Long-Evans, Cell Proliferation, Rats

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Neuron number decreases in the rat ventral, but not dorsal, medial prefrontal cortex between adolescence and adulthood

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