Developmental differences in higher-order resting-state networks in Autism Spectrum Disorder
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OBJECTIVE: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has been associated with a complex pattern of increases and decreases in resting-state functional connectivity. The developmental disconnection hypothesis of ASD poses that shorter connections become overly well established with development in this disorder, at the cost of long-range connections. Here, we investigated resting-state connectivity in relatively young boys with ASD and typically developing children. We hypothesized that ASD would be associated with reduced connectivity between networks, and increased connectivity within networks, reflecting poorer integration and segregation of functional networks in ASD. METHODS: We acquired resting-state fMRI from 27 boys with ASD and 29 age- and IQ-matched typically developing boys between 6 and 16 years of age. Functional connectivity networks were identified using Independent Component Analysis (ICA). Group comparisons were conducted using permutation testing, with and without voxel-wise correction for grey matter density. RESULTS: We found no between-group differences in within-network connectivity. However, we did find reduced functional connectivity between two higher-order cognitive networks in ASD. Furthermore, we found an interaction effect with age in the DMN: insula connectivity increased with age in ASD, whereas it decreased in typically developing children. CONCLUSIONS: These results show subtle changes in between network connectivity in relatively young boys with ASD. However, the global architecture of resting-state networks appeared to be intact. This argues against recent suggestions that changes in connectivity in ASD may be the most prominent during development.
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Both hyperconnectivity and hypoconnectivity have been reported in children with ADHD and ASD.
“Both hyperconnectivity (Uddin et al., 2013; de Celis et al., 2014) and hypoconnectivity (Bos et al., 2014; Yoo et al., 2017) have been reported in children with ADHD and ASD.”
From Investigating functional brain network integrity using a traditional and novel categorical scheme for neurodevelopmental disorders (2019) · cites this paper as Bos et al., 2014
There have been reports of both within-network hyperconnectivity and hypoconnectivity of the FPN and DMN in ASD.
“For example, there have been reports of both within-network hyperconnectivity (Uddin et al., 2013; Nomi and Uddin, 2015) and hypoconnectivity of the FPN (Bos et al., 2014) and DMN (Bos et al., 2014; Washington et al., 2014).”
From Investigating functional brain network integrity using a traditional and novel categorical scheme for neurodevelopmental disorders (2019) · cites this paper as Bos et al., 2014
The ASD literature is similarly inconsistent, even when limited to studies using dual regression ICA.
“The ASD literature is similarly inconsistent, even when limited to studies using dual regression ICA.”
From Investigating functional brain network integrity using a traditional and novel categorical scheme for neurodevelopmental disorders (2019) · cites this paper as Bos et al., 2014
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- Authors
- Bos, D. J., van Raalten, T. R., Oranje, B., Smits, A. R., Kobussen, N. A., Belle, J. V., Rombouts, S. A. R. B., & Durston, S.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
- Leiden University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Bos, Dienke J.
- Venue
- NeuroImage: Clinical
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014
- Volume
- 4
- Pages
- 820-827
- ISSN
- 2213-1582 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4055902
- OpenAlex
- W2040354771
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 3.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- NeuroImage Clinical (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Hersenstichting (F2009(1)-17)
- National Initiative Brain and Cognition (NIHC 056-13-011)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, resting-state functional connectivity, default mode network, network integration and segregation, age differences, typically developing children, gray matter density
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Brain, Brain Mapping, Child, Developmental Disabilities, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Cognition Disorders, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Nerve Net, Neural Pathways, Oxygen, Rest, Principal Component Analysis
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