The role of diet and nutrition in heart failure: A state-of-the-art narrative review
Open accessAbstract
Heart Failure (HF) incidence is increasing steadily worldwide, while prognosis remains poor. Though nutrition is a lifestyle factor implicated in prevention of HF, little is known about the effects of macro- and micronutrients as well as dietary patterns on the progression and treatment of HF. This is reflected in a lack of nutrition recommendations in all major HF scientific guidelines. In this state-of-the-art review, we examine and discuss the implications of evidence contained in existing randomized control trials as well as observational studies covering the topics of sodium restriction, dietary patterns and caloric restriction as well as supplementation of dietary fats and fatty acids, protein and amino acids and micronutrients in the setting of pre-existing HF. Finally, we explore future directions and discuss knowledge gaps regarding nutrition therapies for the treatment of HF.
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Dietary protein is generally considered a major determinant of muscle mass, but it is controversial whether enhanced dietary macronutrient intake can overcome the inflammatory catabolic metabolism of advanced cardiac conditions and achieve net gains in fat-free mass.
“Dietary protein is generally considered a major determinant of muscle mass,118 but it is controversial whether enhanced dietary macronutrient intake can overcome the inflammatory catabolic metabolism of advanced cardiac conditions and achieve net gains in fat-free mass.119,120”
From Malnutrition and Cachexia in Inpatients With Acute Cardiac Conditions: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2026) · cites this paper as [119]
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Micronutrient deficiency independently predicts time to event in patients with heart failure
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Self-citationAdherence to Mediterranean Diet and All-Cause Mortality After an Episode of Acute Heart Failure
Miró, Ò., Estruch, R., Martín-Sánchez, F. J., Gil, V., Jacob, J., Herrero-Puente, P., Herrera Mateo, S., Aguirre, A., Andueza, J. A., Llorens, P., et al. (2018) · JACC: Heart Failure · doi:10.1016/j.jchf.2017.09.020 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
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Fruit and vegetable intake and rate of heart failure: a population‐based prospective cohort of women
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A pilot study of salt and water restriction in patients with chronic heart failure
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Self-citationSalt, No Salt, or Less Salt for Patients With Heart Failure?
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Unsaturated Fatty Acids to Improve Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Patients With Obesity and HFpEF
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A Review of the DASH Diet as an Optimal Dietary Plan for Symptomatic Heart Failure
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Muscling Up to Improve Heart Failure Prognosis
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Self-citationDietary Sodium Adherence Is Poor in Chronic Heart Failure Patients
Basuray, A., Dolansky, M. A., Josephson, R., Sattar, A., Grady, E. M., Vehovec, A., Gunstad, J., Redle, J. D., Fang, J. C.-T., & Hughes, J. W. (2015) · Journal of Cardiac Failure · doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2014.12.016 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Benefits of the Mediterranean diet beyond the Mediterranean Sea and beyond food patterns
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Effects of Oral Amino Acid Supplements on Functional Capacity in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
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Portion Size of Energy-Dense Foods among French and UK Adults by BMI Status
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Long-Term Effects of Randomization to a Weight Loss Intervention in Older Adults: A Pilot Study
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Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Benefit or Harm?
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Thiamine Therapy for Heart Failure: a Promise or Fiction?
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Dietary Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: A Recommendation Worth its Salt? ∗
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Nutrition, Heart Failure, and Quality of Life
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Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure: Mechanisms and Pathophysiology
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Chronic and acute decompensated heart failure: topical issues
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Self-citationRelationship of Circulating Vegetable Omega-3 to Prognosis in Patients With Heart Failure
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Midnolin inhibits coronavirus proliferation by degrading viral proteins
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Self-citationClinical Importance of Protein Intake in Hospitalized Elderly Patients With Heart Failure
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- Authors
- Billingsley, H. E., Hummel, S. L., & Carbone, S.
- Affiliations
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Carbone, Salvatore
- Venue
- Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-09
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 538-551
- ISSN
- 0033-0620 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7686142
- OpenAlex
- W3049389728
- Cited by
- 106
- References
- 119
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 1.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- American Heart Association
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Failure Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
- Keywords
- heart failure, nutrition, diet, sodium restriction, dietary habits, caloric restriction, dietary fat supplementation, fatty acids, protein intake, amino acids, micronutrients, nutritional therapy
- MeSH terms
- Diet, Healthy, Diet, Sodium-Restricted, Feeding Behavior, Heart Failure, Humans, Nutritional Status, Nutritive Value, Treatment Outcome, Dietary Supplements, Caloric Restriction, Malnutrition, Recommended Dietary Allowances
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