Gender differences in glucose homeostasis and diabetes
Open accessAbstract
Some aspects of glucose homeostasis are regulated differently in males and females. This review discusses the most fundamental gender differences in glucose homeostasis and diabetes. These include the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance, the prevalence and incidence of type 2 and type 1 diabetes, and the sex-specific effects of testosterone and estrogen deficiency and excess. These gender-specific differences in glucose homeostasis represent a source of factors that should be studied to develop gender-based therapeutic avenues for diabetes.
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Fasting plasma glucose is more sensitive in diagnosing T2DM in males, while females exhibit a greater impairment in glucose tolerance.
“It has been shown that fasting plasma glucose is more sensitive in diagnosing T2DM in males, while females exhibit a greater impairment in glucose tolerance [14].”
From Sex Differences in Response to Treatment with Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists: Opportunities for a Tailored Approach to Diabetes and Obesity Care (2022) · cites this paper as [14]
The ‘Gender differences in type 2 diabetes’ section (page unavailable) says impaired fasting glucose is more prevalent in men and impaired glucose tolerance is more prevalent in women. It also says excluding the two-hour glucose result may underestimate diabetes and prediabetes in women. This supports the sex difference in detection, but the paper does not establish that fasting plasma glucose has greater diagnostic sensitivity for T2DM in males. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredTestosterone deficiency may be responsible for insulin resistance in males, whereas in females insulin resistance can occur as a result of a hyperandrogenic state.
“More specifically, it has been argued that testosterone deficiency may be responsible for insulin resistance in males, whereas in females the latter can occur as a result of a hyperandrogenic state [14].”
From Sex Differences in Response to Treatment with Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists: Opportunities for a Tailored Approach to Diabetes and Obesity Care (2022) · cites this paper as [14]
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- Authors
- Mauvais-Jarvis, F.
- Venue
- Physiology & Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-04
- Volume
- 187
- Pages
- 20-23
- ISSN
- 0031-9384 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5826763
- OpenAlex
- W2748918265
- Cited by
- 377
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 69 · 2022: 59 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 16.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Physiology & Behavior (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (DK074970, DK107444)
- American Diabetes Association (7-13-BS-101)
- VA Merit Review Award (BX003725)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Sex and Gender in Healthcare
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- gender differences, glucose homeostasis, diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes, type 1 diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, testosterone, estrogen, sex hormones, sex differences in disease incidence
- MeSH terms
- Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Homeostasis, Humans, Male, Sex Characteristics, Glucose Intolerance
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