Exercise Training Modulates Adipokine Dysregulations in Metabolic Syndrome
Open accessAbstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors for various metabolic diseases, and it is characterized by central obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance. The core component for MetS is adipose tissue, which releases adipokines and influences physical health. Adipokines consist of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines and contribute to various physiological functions. Generally, a sedentary lifestyle promotes fat accumulation and secretion of pro-inflammatory adipokines. However, regular exercise has been known to exert various beneficial effects on metabolic and cognitive disorders. Although the mechanisms underlying exercise beneficial effects in MetS are not fully understood, changes in energy expenditure, fat accumulation, circulatory level of myokines, and adipokines might be involved. This review article focuses on some of the selected adipokines in MetS, and their responses to exercise training considering possible mechanisms.
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After 8 weeks of training in 22 obese individuals, improvements in fitness and reductions in adiposity were recorded.
“Although improvements in fitness and reductions in adiposity were recorded after 8 weeks of training”
From Exercise-Induced Muscle–Fat Crosstalk: Molecular Mediators and Their Pharmacological Modulation for the Maintenance of Metabolic Flexibility in Aging (2025) · cites this paper as [76]
The Introduction section, “Effects of exercise on MetS” (page unavailable), identifies reduced visceral adiposity as a possible benefit of regular exercise. The paper does not report that fitness improved and adiposity fell after eight weeks in 22 obese individuals; searches for that sample, duration, and combination of outcomes found no such passage. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn 22 obese individuals, the acute cytokine response to exercise remained comparable after 8 weeks of training.
“the acute cytokine response remained comparable, reflecting a similar per-exercise immune reaction despite physiological adaptations”
From Exercise-Induced Muscle–Fat Crosstalk: Molecular Mediators and Their Pharmacological Modulation for the Maintenance of Metabolic Flexibility in Aging (2025) · cites this paper as [76]
The Introduction section on TNF-α and IL-6 says a single exercise session induces an acute inflammatory response and chronic training may produce a different adaptation. It does not report a before-and-after comparison of acute cytokine responses in 22 obese individuals after eight weeks of training (searched for the sample size, duration, and comparable responses). (LLM, conf=0.75)
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- Authors
- Babaei, P., & Hoseini, R.
- Affiliations
- Guilan University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Razi University (IR)
- Corresponding author
- Babaei, Parvin
- Venue
- Sports Medicine and Health Science
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-03
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 18-28
- ISSN
- 2666-3376 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9219261
- OpenAlex
- W4205977718
- Cited by
- 52
- References
- 230
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 5
- FWCI
- 1.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Sports Medicine and Health Science (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- metabolic syndrome, exercise training, adipokines, adipose tissue, inflammation, insulin resistance, myokines, abdominal obesity, energy expenditure, fat deposition
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