Understanding complexity in the human brain
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Although the ultimate aim of neuroscientific enquiry is to gain an understanding of the brain and how its workings relate to the mind, the majority of current efforts are largely focused on small questions using increasingly detailed data. However, it might be possible to successfully address the larger question of mind-brain mechanisms if the cumulative findings from these neuroscientific studies are coupled with complementary approaches from physics and philosophy. The brain, we argue, can be understood as a complex system or network, in which mental states emerge from the interaction between multiple physical and functional levels. Achieving further conceptual progress will crucially depend on broad-scale discussions regarding the properties of cognition and the tools that are currently available or must be developed in order to study mind-brain mechanisms.
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The human brain is intrinsically organized into modules, creating a high degree of flexibility and adaptability of the system without fundamentally altering underlying structure.
“As a complex system, the human brain is intrinsically organized into modules, creating a high degree of flexibility and adaptability of the system without fundamentally altering underlying structure (29, 30).”
From Dynamic reconfiguration of frontal brain networks during executive cognition in humans (2015) · cites this paper as [30]
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- Authors
- Bassett, D. S., & Gazzaniga, M. S.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Santa Barbara (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bassett, Danielle S.
- Venue
- Trends in Cognitive Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-05
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 200-209
- ISSN
- 1364-6613 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3170818
- OpenAlex
- W2086021750
- Cited by
- 572
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 64 · 2024: 70 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 2.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Trends in Cognitive Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R25MH057541)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Embodied and Extended Cognition
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Cognitive Science and Education Research
- Keywords
- brain complexity, complex systems, brain networks, levels of organization, cognition, interdisciplinary neuroscience, philosophy of mind
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Brain Mapping, Humans, Mental Processes, Models, Neurological, Models, Psychological, Neural Pathways, Psychophysiology
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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