Mindfulness-based training attenuates insula response to an aversive interoceptive challenge.
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Neuroimaging studies of mindfulness training (MT) modulate anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and insula among other brain regions, which are important for attentional control, emotional regulation and interoception. Inspiratory breathing load (IBL) is an experimental approach to examine how an individual responds to an aversive stimulus. Military personnel are at increased risk for cognitive, emotional and physiological compromise as a consequence of prolonged exposure to stressful environments and, therefore, may benefit from MT. This study investigated whether MT modulates neural processing of interoceptive distress in infantry marines scheduled to undergo pre-deployment training and deployment to Afghanistan. Marines were divided into two groups: individuals who received training as usual (control) and individuals who received an additional 20-h mindfulness-based mind fitness training (MMFT). All subjects completed an IBL task during functional magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and post-MMFT training. Marines who underwent MMFT relative to controls demonstrated a significant attenuation of right anterior insula and ACC during the experience of loaded breathing. These results support the hypothesis that MT changes brain activation such that individuals process more effectively an aversive interoceptive stimulus. Thus, MT may serve as a training technique to modulate the brain's response to negative interoceptive stimuli, which may help to improve resilience.
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The insula is associated with greater dispositional mindfulness, and mindfulness is linked with increased cortical thickness in the aINS.
“The insula is associated with greater dispositional mindfulness (Creswell et al., 2007; Murakami et al., 2012; Haase et al., 2016), and studies have consistently shown that mindfulness is linked with increased cortical thickness in the aINS (Farb et al., 2007, 2013, 2015; Paulus et al., 2011; Haase et al., 2016).”
From Mindfulness, Interoception, and the Body: A Contemporary Perspective (2019) · cites this paper as Haase et al., 2016
The discussion (VAS Pleasantness: Main Effect of Group; page unavailable) reports increased cortical thickness in experienced meditators, but does not locate that increase in the anterior insula. The Group-by-time interaction results (page unavailable) link mindfulness training to anterior-insula activity during a breathing challenge, not to greater dispositional mindfulness; they report attenuated activation after training. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredControlled, rhythmic breathing provides a stream of sensory information that has an affective component.
“Controlled, rhythmic breathing provides a stream of sensory information that has an affective component (Davenport and Vovk, 2009; Haase et al., 2016).”
From Mindfulness, Interoception, and the Body: A Contemporary Perspective (2019) · cites this paper as Haase et al., 2016
Attenuation of right anterior insula and ACC is related to loaded breathing task.
“Attenuation of the right anterior insula and ACC was related to the loaded breathing task (Haase et al., 2014).”
From Enhanced Resting-State Functional Connectivity With Decreased Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations of the Salience Network in Mindfulness Novices (2022) · cites this paper as Haase et al., 2014
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Mindfulness Meditation and Psychopathology
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Mindfulness meditation regulates anterior insula activity during empathy for social pain.
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Comparing Mindfulness and Positivity Trainings in High-Demand Cohorts
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“Attenuation of the right anterior insula and ACC was related to the loaded breathing task (Haase et al., 2014).”
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Countering Climate Fear with Mindfulness: A Framework for Sustainable Behavioral Change
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Physical Therapists’ Perceptions of Mindfulness for Stress Reduction: An Exploratory Study
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Does Long-Term Training in a Water Immersion Environment Change Interoception?
Baba, Y., Sato, D., Otsuru, N., Ikarashi, K., Fujimoto, T., & Yamashiro, K. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph181910259 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Haase, L., Thom, N. J., Shukla, A., Davenport, P. W., Simmons, A. N., Stanley, E. A., Paulus, M. P., & Johnson, D. C.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Naval Health Research Center (US)
- University of Florida (US)
- Georgetown University (US)
- Venue
- Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2014-04-08
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 182-190
- ISSN
- 1749-5016 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-5024
- PMC
- PMC4692309
- OpenAlex
- W2108033418
- Cited by
- 124
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 7
- FWCI
- 9.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Defense
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health
- University of California, San Diego
- Office of Naval Research
- National Institute of Mental Health (T32-MH018399-26, MH018399, T32MH018399)
- Bureau of Medicine and Surgery
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Keywords
- mindfulness training, insula, anterior cingulate cortex, interoception, emotion regulation, attentional control, military personnel, pre-deployment training, deployment stress, resilience
- MeSH terms
- Self-Control, Arousal, Attention, Cerebral Cortex, Dominance, Cerebral, Emotions, Female, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Military Personnel, Nerve Net, Resilience, Psychological, Young Adult, Mindfulness, Interoception
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