The Embodiment of Emotional Feelings in the Brain
Open accessAbstract
Central to Walter Cannon's challenge to peripheral theories of emotion was that bodily arousal responses are too undifferentiated to account for the wealth of emotional feelings. Despite considerable evidence to the contrary, this remains widely accepted and for nearly a century has left the issue of whether visceral afferent signals are essential for emotional experience unresolved. Here we combine functional magnetic resonance imaging and multiorgan physiological recording to dissect experience of two distinct disgust forms and their relationship to peripheral and central physiological activity. We show that experience of core and body–boundary–violation disgust are dissociable in both peripheral autonomic and central neural responses and also that emotional experience specific to anterior insular activity encodes these different underlying patterns of peripheral physiological responses. These findings demonstrate that organ-specific physiological responses differentiate emotional feeling states and support the hypothesis that central representations of organism physiological homeostasis constitute a critical aspect of the neural basis of feelings.
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The posterior and mid insula support the primary cortical representation of interoceptive signals.
“The posterior and mid insula support the primary cortical representation of interoceptive signals”
From An Interoceptive Predictive Coding Model of Conscious Presence (2012) · cites this paper as Harrison et al., 2010
The Introduction (page not available) describes the dorsal posterior insula as the proposed site of cortical representations of bodily signals. It describes subsequent re-mapping along the insula but does not identify the mid insula as a site of primary cortical representation. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe insular cortex forms an interoceptive image of one's physiological states and relays internal needs to subjective awareness of feelings.
“The insular cortex is therefore considered to form an interoceptive image of one’s physiological states and consequently to relay internal needs to subjective awareness of feelings”
From Anterior insular cortex and emotional awareness (2013) · cites this paper as Harrison et al., 2010
The posterior insular cortex is commonly associated with somatotopic representations of bodily states such as itch, pain, temperature, and touch.
“The posterior insular cortex has been commonly associated with somatotopic representations of bodily states such as itch, pain and temperature, and touch”
From Anterior insular cortex and emotional awareness (2013) · cites this paper as Harrison et al., 2010
An instance of disgust from watching others eat repulsive food involves a different brain state than an instance of disgust from watching surgical operations.
“an instance of disgust that occurs when watching others eat repulsive food involves a different brain state than an instance of disgust that occurs when watching surgical operations (Harrison et al. 2010).”
From The brain basis of emotion: a meta-analytic review (2012) · cites this paper as Harrison et al. 2010
The AIC has been strongly implicated in interoceptive representation and in the associated generation of subjective feeling states.
“Anatomically, we focus on the AIC because this region has been strongly implicated in interoceptive representation and in the associated generation of subjective feeling states”
From An Interoceptive Predictive Coding Model of Conscious Presence (2012) · cites this paper as Harrison et al., 2010
Close topographical relationships between different qualities of subjective emotional experience and differences in visceral autonomic state have been reported within insula subregions.
“Close topographical relationships between different qualities of subjective emotional experience and differences in visceral autonomic state have subsequently been reported within insula subregions”
From An Interoceptive Predictive Coding Model of Conscious Presence (2012) · cites this paper as Harrison et al., 2010
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- Authors
- Harrison, N. A., Gray, M. A., Gianaros, P. J., & Critchley, H. D.
- Affiliations
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School (GB)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2010-09-22
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 38
- Pages
- 12878-12884
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC3044882
- OpenAlex
- W2134310053
- Cited by
- 250
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 12.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (submittedVersion)
- Sussex Research Online (University of Sussex) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (074333)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
- Keywords
- disgust, anterior insula, autonomic arousal, emotional experience, functional MRI
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Arousal, Brain, Brain Mapping, Emotions, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Photic Stimulation
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