Cited by 444Vagus Nerve Stimulation ResearchHeart Rate Variability and Autonomic ControlNeuropeptides and Animal Physiology

Molecular and functional neuroscience in immunity

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Pavlov, Valentin A., Chavan, Sangeeta S., Tracey, Kevin J.·2018·Annual Review of Immunology

Abstract

The nervous system regulates immunity and inflammation. The molecular detection of pathogen fragments, cytokines, and other immune molecules by sensory neurons generates immunoregulatory responses through efferent autonomic neuron signaling. The functional organization of this neural control is based on principles of reflex regulation. Reflexes involving the vagus nerve and other nerves have been therapeutically explored in models of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, and recently in clinical settings. The brain integrates neuro-immune communication, and brain function is altered in diseases characterized by peripheral immune dysregulation and inflammation. Here we review the anatomical and molecular basis of the neural interface with immunity, focusing on peripheral neural control of immune functions and the role of the brain in the model of the immunological homunculus. Clinical advances stemming from this knowledge within the framework of bioelectronic medicine are also briefly outlined.

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Crossref · 10.1146/annurev-immunol-042617-053158

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  • The gateway reflex activates the IL-6 Amp through beta-adrenergic receptors in the dorsal vessels of the fifth lumbar cord, allowing for autoreactive T-cell accumulation and disease onset.

    “This neural pathway, which is now called the gateway reflex (286, 287), activates the IL-6 Amp through beta-adrenergic receptors in the dorsal vessels of the fifth lumbar cord, allowing for autoreactive T-cell accumulation and disease onset (54).”

    From IL-6 in inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer (2021) · cites this paper as [287]

    The Efferent Autonomic Neurons and Neural Reflexes section (page not provided) describes a gateway reflex in an animal model of multiple sclerosis: catecholamine release at L5 dorsal blood vessels stimulates an IL-6-amplifying mechanism and increases autoreactive T-cell entry into the CNS. It does not specify β-adrenergic receptors in those vessels or state that the reflex causes disease onset. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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1 of the 207 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. [1]Paul WE. 1983 Preface. Annu. Rev. Immunol 1: 1 6242466
  2. [115]Berthoud HR, Powley TL. 1996 Interaction between parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves in prevertebral ganglia: morphological evidence for vagal efferent innervation of ganglion cells in the rat. Microsc. Res. Tech 35: 80– 86 8873061
  3. [176]Valdes-Ferrer SI, Rosas-Ballina M, Olofsson PS, Lu B, Dancho ME, 2013 HMGB1 mediates splenomegaly and expansion of splenic CD11b+ Ly-6Chigh inflammatory monocytes in murine sepsis survivors. J. Intern. Med 274: 381– 90 23808943 PMC4223507

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Authors
Pavlov, V. A., Chavan, S. S., & Tracey, K. J.
Affiliations
Northwell Health (US)
Venue
Annual Review of Immunology
Published
2018-04-26
Volume
36
Issue
1
Pages
783-812
ISSN
  • 0732-0582 (ISSN-L)
  • 1545-3278
OpenAlex
W2802639922
Cited by
444
References
207
Citations by year
2026: 35 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 59 · 2021: 64 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 59 · 2018: 7
FWCI
4.56
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Annual Review of Immunology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM089807, R01GM057226, R35GM118182)
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (P01AI102852)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
Keywords
neuroimmunity, vagus nerve, reflex control, sensory neurons, cytokine detection, neuroimmune interactions, bioelectronic medicine, inflammation, autoimmune disease
MeSH terms
Animals, Disease Susceptibility, Humans, Immunity, Nervous System, Nervous System Physiological Phenomena, Neuroimmunomodulation, Signal Transduction, Biomarkers, Translational Research, Biomedical

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