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Cited by 69MicroRNA in disease regulationGlioma Diagnosis and TreatmentCancer-related molecular mechanisms research

The role of MiRNA-21 in gliomas: Hope for a novel therapeutic intervention?

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Aloizou, Athina-Maria, Pateraki, Georgia, Siokas, Vasileios, Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A., Liampas, Ioannis, Lazopoulos, George, Kovatsi, Leda, Mitsias, Panayiotis D. +3 more·2020·Toxicology Reports
DOI 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.11.001PMC PMC7677650
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Abstract

Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults. They are generally very resistant to treatment and are therefore associated with negative outcomes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that affect many cellular processes by regulating gene expression and, post-transcriptionally, the translation of mRNAs. MiRNA-21 has been consistently shown to be upregulated in glioma and research has shown that it is involved in a wide variety of biological pathways, promoting tumor cell survival and invasiveness. Furthermore, it has been implicated in resistance to treatment, both against chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In this review, we gathered the existent data on miRNA-21 and gliomas, in terms of its expression levels, association with grade and prognosis, the pathways it involves and its targets in glioma, and finally how it leads to treatment resistance. Furthermore, we discuss how this knowledge could be applied in clinical practice in the years to come. To our knowledge, this is the first review to assess in extent and depth the role of miRNA-21 in gliomas.

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  • The increase of IL-6 causes STAT3 to translocate to nucleus and induce miR-21 through binding to its upstream enhancer region.

    “The increase of IL-6 the master TF, STAT3 translocate to nucleus and induces miR-21 through binding to its upstream enhancer region.”

    From miR-21 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in glioma: tissue and serum expression analysis in a Pakistani cohort (2026) · cites this paper as [46]

    The “MiRNA-21 upregulation factors” section says the miR-21 gene has conserved STAT3 binding sites and that IL-6/STAT3 signaling could explain miR-21 upregulation. It does not say that increased IL-6 causes STAT3 to translocate to the nucleus or specify an upstream enhancer as the binding location; the claimed mechanism is more definite and detailed than the review’s account. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • miR-21 enhances NF-κB and IL-6 upregulation, forming a positive feedback loop in response to inflammatory stimulus or DNA damage.

    “After which miR-21 enhances NF-κB and IL-6 upregulation.This upregulation of NF-κB and IL-6 induces miR-21 expression and forms a positive feedback loop in response to any inflammatory stimulus or DNA damage [46].”

    From miR-21 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in glioma: tissue and serum expression analysis in a Pakistani cohort (2026) · cites this paper as [46]

    In “MiRNA-21-induced glioma proliferation” (page unavailable), the review says miR-21 suppresses an inhibitor of NF-κB, allowing NF-κB overactivation. “MiRNA-21 upregulation factors” (page unavailable) links IL-6/STAT3 signaling to miR-21 expression and describes feedback between miR-21 and STAT3. It does not establish that miR-21 upregulates IL-6 or that NF-κB and IL-6 form the claimed feedback loop in response to any inflammatory stimulus or DNA damage. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Aloizou, A.-M., Pateraki, G., Siokas, V., Mentis, A.-F. A., Liampas, I., Lazopoulos, G., Kovatsi, L., Mitsias, P. D., Bogdanos, D. P., Paterakis, K., & Dardiotis, E.
Affiliations
  • University of Thessaly (GR)
  • University of Crete (GR)
  • Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (GR)
Corresponding author
Dardiotis, Efthimios
ORCID
Venue
Toxicology Reports
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2020
Volume
7
Pages
1514-1530
ISSN
2214-7500 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.11.001
PMC
PMC7677650
OpenAlex
W3096584903
Cited by
69
References
13
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 3
FWCI
2.48
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Toxicology Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • University of Thessaly Institutional Repository (University of Thessaly) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › MicroRNA in disease regulation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
Keywords
miR-21, glioma, microRNA, treatment resistance, chemoresistance, radiotherapy resistance, tumor invasion, tumor cell survival, prognosis, tumor grade, therapeutic target, post-transcriptional regulation

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