Gene expression changes in children with autism
Open accessAbstract
The objective of this study was to identify gene expression differences in blood differences in children with autism (AU) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to general population controls. Transcriptional profiles were compared with age- and gender-matched, typically developing children from the general population (GP). The AU group was subdivided based on a history of developmental regression (A-R) or a history of early onset (A-E without regression). Total RNA from blood was processed on human Affymetrix microarrays. Thirty-five children with AU (17 with early onset autism and 18 with autism with regression) and 14 ASD children (who did not meet criteria for AU) were compared to 12 GP children. Unpaired t tests (corrected for multiple comparisons with a false discovery rate of 0.05) detected a number of genes that were regulated more than 1.5-fold for AU versus GP (n=55 genes), for A-E versus GP (n=140 genes), for A-R versus GP (n=20 genes), and for A-R versus A-E (n=494 genes). No genes were significantly regulated for ASD versus GP. There were 11 genes shared between the comparisons of all autism subgroups to GP (AU, A-E, and A-R versus GP) and these genes were all expressed in natural killer cells and many belonged to the KEGG natural killer cytotoxicity pathway (p=0.02). A subset of these genes (n=7) was tested with qRT-PCR and all genes were found to be differentially expressed (p<0.05). We conclude that the gene expression data support emerging evidence for abnormalities in peripheral blood leukocytes in autism that could represent a genetic and/or environmental predisposition to the disorder.
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A number of studies have suggested the involvement of genetic factors influencing immune function in the etiology of ASD.
“For example, a number of studies have suggested the involvement of genetic factors influencing immune function in the etiology of ASD (Gregg et al., 2008; Voineagu et al., 2011).”
From Maternal hospitalization with infection during pregnancy and risk of autism spectrum disorders (2015) · cites this paper as Gregg et al., 2008
A 2008 study identified 11 genes differentially expressed in children with autism and in early onset and developmental regression subsets compared with the general population, with overexpression confirmed for 7 of 11 by qPCR.
“Another 2008 study identified 11 genes that were differentially expressed in children with autism, as well as within the subsets of early onset and developmental regression, as compared with the general population (overexpression in autism samples were confirmed for seven of 11 via qPCR) (Gregg et al, 2008).”
From The Role of the Immune System in Autism Spectrum Disorder (2017) · cites this paper as Gregg et al, 2008
These genes are heavily overrepresented in the KEGG natural killer cytotoxicity pathway and are highly expressed in NK and CD8 T cells.
“These genes are heavily overrepresented in the ontological KEGG natural killer cytotoxicity pathway, and are highly expressed in NK and CD8 T cells.”
From The Role of the Immune System in Autism Spectrum Disorder (2017) · cites this paper as Gregg et al, 2008
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- Authors
- Gregg, J. P., Lit, L., Baron, C. A., Hertz-Picciotto, I., Walker, W., Davis, R. A., Croen, L. A., Ozonoff, S., Hansen, R., Pessah, I. N., & Sharp, F. R.
- Affiliations
- University of California Davis Medical Center (US)
- Kaiser Permanente (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gregg, Jeffrey P.
- Venue
- Genomics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-01
- Volume
- 91
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 22-29
- ISSN
- 0888-7543 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2139102539
- Cited by
- 181
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 6.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Genomics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (R-829388)
- MIND Institute, University of California, Davis
- University of California, Davis
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS043252, NS028167, NS043252, R01NS028167)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P01 ES11269‐01, 1 P01 ES11269-01, P01-ES-11269, R01ES015359, P01ES011269, R829388, ES11269)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, gene expression, peripheral blood leukocytes, developmental regression, early-onset autism, natural killer cells, gene expression profiling, children
- MeSH terms
- Autistic Disorder, Child, Child, Preschool, Environment, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Killer Cells, Natural, Male, RNA, Messenger, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Gene Expression Profiling
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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