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Cited by 582Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchChild Abuse and TraumaMigration, Health and Trauma

A second look at comorbidity in victims of trauma: the posttraumatic stress disorder-major depression connection

Breslau, Naomi, Davis, Glenn C, Peterson, Edward L, Schultz, Lonni R·2000·Biological Psychiatry
DOI 10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00933-1
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Abstract

Background We examine whether traumatic events increase the risk for major depression independent of their effects on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Methods Data come from the Epidemiologic Study of Young Adults in southeast Michigan (N = 1007). Retrospective and prospective data were used to estimate the risk of major depression in persons with PTSD and persons exposed to trauma with no PTSD, compared with persons who did not experience a trauma. National Comorbidity Survey data were used to evaluate the influence of trauma type.Results In the retrospective lifetime data, hazard ratios were, for first-onset major depression in exposed persons with PTSD, 2.8 and, in exposed persons with no PTSD, 1.3 (not significant), as compared with persons who were not exposed. Corresponding estimates from the prospective data were 11.7 and 1.4 (not significant). The difference in the risk for depression associated with PTSD versus exposure without PTSD is unlikely to be due to differences in trauma type.Conclusions The findings of a markedly increased risk for major depression in persons with PTSD, but not in exposed persons without PTSD, do not support the hypothesis that PTSD and major depression in trauma victims are influenced by separate vulnerabilities.

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  • Preexisting depression is associated with a three-fold increased risk of PTSD following trauma exposure.

    “Preexisting depression is associated with a three-fold increased risk of PTSD following trauma exposure, while a 2.8-fold increased risk of first onset depression has been reported in participants with PTSD compared to trauma-exposed controls (Breslau et al., 2000).”

    From Risk and protective factors affecting the symptom trajectory of posttraumatic stress disorder post-rape (2022) · cites this paper as Breslau et al., 2000

  • Depression and alcohol use are associated with an increased risk for sexual assault exposure.

    “Depression and alcohol use is associated with an increased risk for sexual assault exposure (Breslau et al., 2000;Resnick et al., 2013;Resnick et al., 2012;Simpson and Miller, 2002;Logan et al., 2002)”

    From Risk and protective factors affecting the symptom trajectory of posttraumatic stress disorder post-rape (2022) · cites this paper as Breslau et al., 2000

  • A 2.8-fold increased risk of first onset depression has been reported in participants with PTSD compared to trauma-exposed controls.

    “Preexisting depression is associated with a three-fold increased risk of PTSD following trauma exposure, while a 2.8-fold increased risk of first onset depression has been reported in participants with PTSD compared to trauma-exposed controls (Breslau et al., 2000).”

    From Risk and protective factors affecting the symptom trajectory of posttraumatic stress disorder post-rape (2022) · cites this paper as Breslau et al., 2000

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Authors
Breslau, N., Davis, G. C., Peterson, E. L., & Schultz, L. R.
Affiliations
Henry Ford Health (US)
Corresponding author
Breslau, Naomi
ORCID
Peterson, Edward L
Venue
Biological Psychiatry
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2000-11
Volume
48
Issue
9
Pages
902-909
ISSN
0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00933-1
OpenAlex
W2003230142
Cited by
582
References
43
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 40 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 38
FWCI
14.93
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH048802, MH-48802)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
Keywords
post-traumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, comorbidities, trauma exposure, depression risk, trauma type, National Comorbidity Survey
MeSH terms
Adult, Algorithms, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Michigan, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Wounds and Injuries, Comorbidity, Proportional Hazards Models

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