The DOI matches its Crossref record; 214 of the 214 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cognitive effects of insulin in the central nervous system
Abstract
Evidence has been accumulating recently that the hormone insulin may modulate cognitive activity by acting in the central nervous system. Initially derived from the observation that insulin and insulin receptors are found in specific brain areas, this evidence also includes cognitive assessments of humans in insulin-deficient and insulin-resistant disease states and experimental manipulation of rodent models. Additional support is derived from in vivo and in vitro systems that are used to investigate the neurophysiological basis of learning and memory. This article is a brief review of the literature that suggests a connection between insulin and memory and draws together some of the findings relevant to possible physiological mechanisms for this cognitive effect.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“the risk of the metabolic syndrome[76]”
From Metformin in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: Results of a Pilot Randomized Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial (2016) · cites this paper as [76]
Citations
Cites
Signals That Regulate Food Intake and Energy Homeostasis
Woods, S. C., Seeley, R. J., Porte, D., & Schwartz, M. W. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.280.5368.1378 · Cited by 1,177
Impaired Long-Term Potentiation, Spatial Learning, and Hippocampal Development in fyn Mutant Mice
Grant, S. G. N., O’Dell, T. J., Karl, K. A., Stein, P. L., Soriano, P. M., & Kandel, E. R. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1361685 · Cited by 1,160
Insulin receptors are widely distributed in the central nervous system of the rat
Havránková, J., Roth, J., & Brownstein, M. (1978) · Nature · doi:10.1038/272827a0 · Cited by 1,116
Neuropsychological deficits in neuroleptic naive patients with first-episode schizophrenia
Saykin, A. J. (1994) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950020048005 · Cited by 1,086
Schizophrenics Show Spatial Working Memory Deficits
Park, S. (1992) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820120063009 · Cited by 953
Hunger: Basic mechanisms and clinical implications
(1976) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(76)90139-1 · Cited by 920
The hippocampus—what does it do?
Eichenbaum, H., Otto, T., & Cohen, N. J. (1992) · Behavioral and Neural Biology · doi:10.1016/0163-1047(92)90724-i · Cited by 867
Insulin-degrading Enzyme Regulates Extracellular Levels of Amyloid β-Protein by Degradation
Qiu, W. Q., Walsh, D. M., Ye, Z., Vekrellis, K., Zhang, J., Podlisny, M. B., Rosner, M. R., Safavi, A., Hersh, L. B., & Selkoe, D. J. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.49.32730 · Cited by 812
Insulin in the Brain: A Hormonal Regulator of Energy Balance*
Schwartz, M. W., Figlewicz, D. P., Baskin, D. G., Woods, S. C., & Porte, D. (1992) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv-13-3-387 · Cited by 808
Feast and Famine: Critical Role of Glucocorticoids with Insulin in Daily Energy Flow
Dallman, M. F., Strack, A. M., Akana, S. F., Bradbury, M. J., Hanson, E. S., Scribner, K. A., & Smith, M. (1993) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1006/frne.1993.1010 · Cited by 796
Cognition and synaptic plasticity in diabetes mellitus
Gispen, W. H., & Biessels, G. J. (2000) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01656-8 · Cited by 778
Brain insulin and insulin receptors in aging and sporadic Alzheimer’s disease
Frölich, L., Blum-Degen, D., Bernstein, H.-G., Engelsberger, S., Humrich, J., Laufer, S., Muschner, D., Thalheimer, A., Türk, A., Hoyer, S., et al. (1998) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s007020050068 · Cited by 748
The neurotrophin hypothesis for synaptic plasticity
Schinder, A. F. (2000) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01672-6 · Cited by 740
Biological actions of cholecystokinin
Crawley, J. N., & Corwin, R. L. (1994) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/0196-9781(94)90104-x · Cited by 713
Man, H., Lin, J., Ju, W. H., Ahmadian, G., Liu, L., Becker, L. E., Sheng, M., & Wang, Y. T. (2000) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)81067-3 · Cited by 711
Diabetes mellitus : a fundamental and clinical text
LeRoith, D., Taylor, S. I., & Olefsky, J. M. (2004) · Cited by 699
Schafe, G. E., Atkins, C. M., Swank, M. W., Bauer, E. P., Sweatt, J. D., & LeDoux, J. E. (2000) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-21-08177.2000 · Cited by 678
Regulation of NMDA receptors by tyrosine kinases and phosphatases
Wang, Y. T., & Salter, M. W. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/369233a0 · Cited by 666
Acetylcholine: a neurotransmitter for learning and memory?
Blokland, A. (1995) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/0165-0173(95)00016-x · Cited by 616
Identification of insulin in rat brain.
Havránková, J., Schmechel, D. E., Roth, J., & Brownstein, M. (1978) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.75.11.5737 · Cited by 607
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, cognitive impairment and dementia
Stewart, R., & Liolitsa, D. (1999) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.1999.00027.x · Cited by 562
Craft, S., Peskind, E., Schwartz, M. W., Schellenberg, G. D., Raskind, M., & Porte, D. (1998) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.50.1.164 · Cited by 560
Postsynaptic protein phosphorylation and LTP
Soderling, T. R., & Derkach, V. A. (2000) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(99)01490-3 · Cited by 559
The role of neuronal growth factors in neurodegenerative disorders of the human brain
Connor, B. J., & Dragunow, M. (1998) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(98)00004-6 · Cited by 538
Memory improvement following induced hyperinsulinemia in Alzheimer’s disease
Craft, S., Newcomer, J., Kanne, S., Dagogo-Jack, S., Cryer, P., Sheline, Y., Luby, J., Dagogo-Jack, A., & Alderson, A. (1996) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/0197-4580(95)02002-0 · Cited by 538
Recruitment of functional GABAA receptors to postsynaptic domains by insulin
Wan, Q., Xiong, Z., Man, H., Ackerley, C., Braunton, J., Lu, W. Y., Becker, L. E., MacDonald, J. F., & Wang, Y. T. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/41792 · Cited by 537
Blum, S., Moore, A. N., Adams, F., & Dash, P. K. (1999) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-09-03535.1999 · Cited by 535
Regulation of gene expression by insulin
O’Brien, R. M., & Granner, D. K. (1996) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1996.76.4.1109 · Cited by 532
Brain Insulin Receptors and Spatial Memory
Zhao, W., Chen, H., Xu, H., Moore, E., Meiri, N., Quon, M. J., & Alkon, D. L. (1999) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.274.49.34893 · Cited by 532
Strachan, M. W. J., Deary, I. J., Ewing, F. M. E., & Frier, B. M. (1997) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.20.3.438 · Cited by 529
Lannert, H., & Hoyer, S. (1998) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.112.5.1199 · Cited by 525
Insulin activates ATP-sensitive K+ channels in hypothalamic neurons of lean, but not obese rats
Spanswick, D., Smith, M. A., Mirshamsi, S., Routh, V. H., & Ashford, M. L. J. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/77660 · Cited by 495
Baura, G. D., Foster, D. M., Porte, D., Kahn, S. E., Bergman, R. N., Cobelli, C., & Schwartz, M. W. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci116773 · Cited by 489
Energetics in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases
Beal, M. F. (2000) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01584-8 · Cited by 475
The Molecular Mechanism of Insulin Action
Kahn, C. R. (1985) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev.me.36.020185.002241 · Cited by 451
Place Learning and Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Biessels, G. J., Kamal, A., Ramakers, G. M. J., Urban, I. J. A., Spruijt, B. M., Erkelens, D. W., & Gispen, W. H. (1996) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.45.9.1259 · Cited by 413
Davidson, M. B. (1979) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(79)90024-6 · Cited by 411
UNGER, J., Livingston, J. H., & Moss, A. (1991) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/0301-0082(91)90015-s · Cited by 399
HORMONAL REGULATION OF MAMMALIAN GLUCOSE TRANSPORT
Simpson, I. A., & Cushman, S. W. (1986) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.55.070186.005211 · Cited by 398
LTP mechanisms: from silence to four-lane traffic
Malinow, R., Mainen, Z. F., & Hayashi, Y. (2000) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(00)00099-4 · Cited by 386
Biessels, G. J., Kamal, A., Urban, I. J. A., Spruijt, B. M., Erkelens, D. W., & Gispen, W. H. (1998) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00510-1 · Cited by 377
The role of NMDA receptors in learning and memory
Collingridge, G. L. (1987) · Nature · doi:10.1038/330604a0 · Cited by 373
Insulin signal transduction through protein kinase cascades
Avruch, J. (1998) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1023/a:1006823109415 · Cited by 365
Blood-brain barrier transcytosis of insulin in developing rabbits
Duffy, K. R., & Pardridge, W. M. (1987) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(87)90236-8 · Cited by 358
Intracerebroventricular insulin enhances memory in a passive-avoidance task
Park, C. R., Seeley, R. J., Craft, S., & WOODS, S. (2000) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(99)00220-6 · Cited by 343
Self-citationThe eating paradox: How we tolerate food.
Woods, S. C. (1991) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.98.4.488 · Cited by 343
Mattson, M. P., Pedersen, W. A., Duan, W., Culmsee, C., & Camandola, S. (1999) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07824.x · Cited by 343
Cerebral function in diabetes mellitus
Biessels, G. J., Kappelle, A. C., Bravenboer, B., Erkelens, D. W., & Gispen, W. H. (1994) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00417687 · Cited by 341
Differential Permeability of the Blood–Brain Barrier to Two Pancreatic Peptides: Insulin and Amylin
Banks, W. A., & Kastin, A. J. (1998) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/s0196-9781(98)00018-7 · Cited by 340
Kurochkin, I. V., & Goto, S. (1994) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(94)00387-4 · Cited by 340
Barnes, C. A., & McNaughton, B. L. (1985) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.99.6.1040 · Cited by 337
Insulin gene expression and insulin synthesis in mammalian neuronal cells.
Devaskar, S. U., Giddings, S. J., Rajakumar, P. A., Carnaghi, L. R., Menon, R. K., & Zahm, D. S. (1994) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)37214-9 · Cited by 333
Insulin and insulin-like growth factors in the CNS
Baskin, D. G., Wilcox, B. J., Figlewicz, D. P., & Dorsa, D. M. (1988) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(88)90155-5 · Cited by 330
Abbott, M.-A., Wells, D. G., & Fallon, J. R. (1999) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-17-07300.1999 · Cited by 327
Havránková, J., Roth, J., & Brownstein, M. (1979) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci109504 · Cited by 325
Tsukahara, H., Gordienko, D. V., Tönshoff, B., Gelato, M. C., & Goligorsky, M. S. (1994) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/ki.1994.78 · Cited by 322
Obesity induced by a high-fat diet is associated with reduced brain insulin transport in dogs.
Kaiyala, K. J., Prigeon, R. L., Kahn, S. E., Woods, S. C., & Schwartz, M. W. (2000) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.49.9.1525 · Cited by 319
Hippocampal acetylcholine release during memory testing in rats: augmentation by glucose.
Ragozzino, M. E., Unick, K., & Gold, P. E. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.10.4693 · Cited by 318
Transport of Insulin Across the Blood-Brain Barrier: Saturability at Euglycemic Doses of Insulin
Banks, W. A., Jaspan, J. B., Huang, W., & Kastin, A. J. (1997) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/s0196-9781(97)00231-3 · Cited by 318
Enhancement of Memory in Alzheimer Disease With Insulin and Somatostatin, but Not Glucose
Craft, S., Asthana, S., Newcomer, J. W., Wilkinson, C. W., Matos, I. T., Baker, L. D., Cherrier, M., Lofgreen, C., Latendresse, S., Petrova, A., et al. (1999) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.12.1135 · Cited by 312
Norris, C. M., Korol, D. L., & Foster, T. C. (1996) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-17-05382.1996 · Cited by 295
Distribution of insulin receptor-like immunoreactivity in the rat forebrain
Unger, J. W., McNeill, T. H., Moxley, R. T., White, M. F., Moss, A., & Livingston, J. N. (1989) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(89)90036-5 · Cited by 294
Morley, J. E., Kaiser, F. E., Raum, W. J., Perry, H. M., Flood, J. F., Jensen, J., Silver, A. J., & Roberts, E. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.14.7537 · Cited by 289
Barnes, C. A., & McNaughton, B. L. (1985) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.99.6.1040 · Cited by 286
The nature of learning and memory impairments in schizophrenia
Paulsen, J. S., Heaton, R. K., Sadek, J. R., Perry, W., Delis, D. C., Braff, D., Kuck, J., Zisook, S., & Jeste, D. V. (1995) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s135561770000014x · Cited by 284
Effects of insulin upon ion transport
Moore, R. D. (1983) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/0304-4157(83)90013-8 · Cited by 276
Insulin-like growth factor-1 ameliorates age-related behavioral deficits
Markowska, A. L., Mooney, M., & Sonntag, W. E. (1998) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(98)00143-2 · Cited by 274
Hoyer, S. (1998) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s007020050067 · Cited by 265
The Relationship Between Diabetes Mellitus and Parkinson'S Disease
Sandyk, R. (1993) · International Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.3109/00207459309003322 · Cited by 244
Glucose enhancement of performance of memory tests in young and aged humans
Hall, J. L., Gonder-Frederick, L. A., Chewning, W. W., da Silveira, J. C. C., & Gold, P. E. (1989) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(89)90096-1 · Cited by 241
Pérez, A., Morelli, L., Cresto, J. C., & Castaño, E. M. (2000) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1023/a:1007527721160 · Cited by 240
Glucose regulation and cognitive functions: relation to Alzheimer's disease and diabetes
Messier, C., & Gagnon, M. (1996) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0166-4328(95)00153-0 · Cited by 237
Decreased autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor-kinase in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.
Kadowaki, T., Kasuga, M., Akanuma, Y., Ezaki, O., & Takaku, F. (1984) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)89879-9 · Cited by 232
Kamal, A., Biessels, G. J., Duis, S., & Gispen, W. H. (2000) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s001250051335 · Cited by 227
The New Elements of Insulin Signaling: Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 and Proteins With SH2 Domains
Myers, M. G., & White, M. F. (1993) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.42.5.643 · Cited by 220
Banks, W. A., Jaspan, J. B., & Kastin, A. J. (1997) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/s0196-9781(97)00198-8 · Cited by 219
Role of glucose in regulating the brain and cognition
Gold, P. (1995) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/61.4.987s · Cited by 216
Ragozzino, M. E., Pal, S. N., Unick, K., Stefani, M. R., & Gold, P. E. (1998) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-04-01595.1998 · Cited by 214
Regional Concentrations of Insulin in the Rat Brain*
Baskin, D. G., Porte, D., GUEST, K., & Dorsa, D. M. (1983) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-112-3-898 · Cited by 212
Insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptors in the nervous system
Adamo, M. L., Raizada, M. K., & LeRoith, D. (1989) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/bf02935589 · Cited by 212
Diabetes Mellitus: A Fundamental and Clinical Text
Matthews, D. R. (2000) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2000.01136.x · Cited by 202
Boyd, F. T., Clarke, D. W., Muther, T. F., & Raizada, M. K. (1985) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)36340-8 · Cited by 194
GLUT4 glucose transporter expression in rodent brain: effect of diabetes
Vannucci, S. J., Koehler-Stec, E. M., Li, K., Reynolds, T., Clark, R. R., & Simpson, I. A. (1998) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00103-6 · Cited by 193
Hoyer, S., Nitsch, R. M., & Oesterreich, K. (1991) · Journal of Neural Transmission - Parkinsons Disease and Dementia Section · doi:10.1007/bf02251132 · Cited by 193
Kamal, A., Biessels, G. J., Urban, I. J. A., & Gispen, W. H. (1999) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(98)00485-0 · Cited by 192
Kinetics and specificity of insulin uptake from plasma into cerebrospinal fluid.
Schwartz, M. W., Sipols, A. J., Kahn, S. E., Lattemann, D. F., Taborsky, G. J., Bergman, R. N., Woods, S. C., & Porte, D. (1990) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1990.259.3.e378 · Cited by 191
Craft, S., Dagogo-Jack, S. E., Wiethop, B. V., Murphy, C., Nevins, R. T., Fleischman, S., Rice, V., Newcomer, J. W., & Cryer, P. E. (1993) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.107.6.926 · Cited by 191
Effect of insulin on central catecholamines
Sauter, A., Goldstein, M., Engel, J., & Ueta, K. (1983) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(83)90691-1 · Cited by 181
Insulin Through the Ages: Phylogeny of a Growth Promoting and Metabolic Regulatory Hormone
Chan, S. J., & Steiner, D. F. (2000) · American Zoologist · doi:10.1668/0003-1569(2000)040[0213:ittapo]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 180
Effect of Age and Diet on Insulin Secretion and Insulin Action in the Rat
REAVEN, E. P., Wright, D. W., Mondon, C. E., Solomon, R., Ho, H., & Reaven, G. M. (1983) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.32.2.175 · Cited by 178
Smith, G. S. (1992) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1992.00530350056020 · Cited by 178
Bohannon, N. J. V., Wilcox, B. J., Figlewicz, D. P., Dorsa, D. M., & Baskin, D. G. (1988) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(88)90931-6 · Cited by 177
Plaschke, K., & Hoyer, S. (1993) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0736-5748(93)90021-5 · Cited by 177
Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I and Central Nervous System Development
Anlar, B., Sullivan, K., & Feldman, E. (1999) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-2007-978708 · Cited by 175
Characteristics of Learning and Memory in Streptozocin-Induced Diabetic Mice
Flood, J. F., Mooradian, A. D., & Morley, J. E. (1990) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.39.11.1391 · Cited by 175
Giorgino, F., Almahfouz, A., Goodyear, L. J., & Smith, R. J. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci116424 · Cited by 175
Insulin inhibits pyramidal neurons in hippocampal slices
Palovcik, R. A., Phillips, M. I., Kappy, M. S., & Raizada, M. K. (1984) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(84)91028-x · Cited by 174
Central insulin enhances sensitivity to cholecystokinin
RIEDY, C., Chavez, M., Figlewicz, D. P., & WOODS, S. (1995) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(95)00108-u · Cited by 172
Localization of 125I-insulin binding sites in the rat hypothalamus by quantitative autoradiography
Woods, S. C., Porte, D., Dorsa, D. M., Figlewicz, D. P., & Baskin, D. G. (1986) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(86)90430-1 · Cited by 168
Fadool, D. A., Tucker, K. R., Phillips, J. J., & Simmen, J. A. (2000) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.2000.83.4.2332 · Cited by 166
A direct action of insulin on the hypothalamic satiety center
Debons, A. F., KRIMSKY, I., & From, A. (1970) · American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content · doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1970.219.4.938 · Cited by 157
Grafton, S. T., Mazziotta, J. C., Pahl, J. J., George-Hyslop, P. S., Haines, J. L., Gusella, J., Hoffman, J. M., Baxter, L. R., & Phelps, M. E. (1992) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1992.00530350075022 · Cited by 157
Insulin metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease differs according to apolipoprotein E genotype and gender
Craft, S., Asthana, S., Schellenberg, G., Cherrier, M., Baker, L. D., Newcomer, J., Plymate, S., Latendresse, S., Petrova, A., Raskind, M., et al. (1999) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000054469 · Cited by 154
Glucose effects on memory: Behavioral and pharmacological characteristics
Gold, P. E., Vogt, J., & Hall, J. L. (1986) · Behavioral and Neural Biology · doi:10.1016/s0163-1047(86)90626-6 · Cited by 152
Araujo, D. M., Lapchak, P. A., Collier, B., Chabot, J., & Quirion, R. (1989) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(89)90355-7 · Cited by 150
Moroo, I., Yamada, T., Makino, H., Tooyama, I., McGeer, P., Mcgeer, E., & Hirayama, K. (1994) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00313602 · Cited by 149
Periventricular hypothalamic cells in the rat brain contain insulin mRNA
Young, W. S. (1986) · Neuropeptides · doi:10.1016/0143-4179(86)90035-1 · Cited by 148
The Insulin Receptor: A Multifunctional Protein
Olefsky, J. M. (1990) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.39.9.1009 · Cited by 148
Regulation of the Na+/K+-ATPase by insulin: Why and how?
Sweeney, G., & Klip, A. (1998) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1023/a:1006805510749 · Cited by 146
Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on the Permeability of the Blood–Brain Barrier to Insulin
Banks, W. A., Jaspan, J. B., & Kastin, A. J. (1997) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/s0196-9781(97)00238-6 · Cited by 145
Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Parkinson's Disease With and Without Dementia
Peppard, R. F., Martin, W. R. W., Carr, G., Grochowski, E. C., Schulzer, M., Guttman, M., McGeer, P. L., Phillips, A. G., Tsui, J. K. C., & Calne, D. B. (1992) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1992.00530360060019 · Cited by 143
Winocur, G., & Moscovitch, M. (1990) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.104.4.544 · Cited by 142
Patterns of cerebral glucose utilization in Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease
Kuhl, D. E., Metter, E. J., Riege, W. H., & Markham, C. H. (1984) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410150723 · Cited by 142
Messier, C., & White, N. M. (1987) · Behavioral and Neural Biology · doi:10.1016/s0163-1047(87)90634-0 · Cited by 141
Insulin II gene expression in rat central nervous system
Devaskar, S. U., Singh, B. S., Carnaghi, L. R., Rajakumar, P. A., & Giddings, S. J. (1993) · Regulatory Peptides · doi:10.1016/0167-0115(93)90335-6 · Cited by 137
The evaluation of insulin as a metabolic signal influencing behavior via the brain
Woods, S. C., Chavez, M., Park, C. R., Riedy, C. A., Kaiyala, K. J., Richardson, R. D., Figlewicz, D. P., Schwartz, M. W., Porte, D., & Seeley, R. J. (1996) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/0149-7634(95)00044-f · Cited by 134
Self-citationInsulin: new roles for an ancient hormone
Ferrannini, Galvan, Gastaldelli, Camastra, Sironi, Toschi, Baldi, Frascerra, Monzani, Antonelli, et al. (1999) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.1999.00536.x · Cited by 133
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND ANIMAL MODELS
Price, D. L., & Sisodia, S. S. (1994) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev.med.45.1.435 · Cited by 132
Insulin receptor mRNA in the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease.
Takahashi, M., Yamada, T., Tooyama, I., Moroo, I., Kimura, H., Yamamoto, T., & Okada, H. (1996) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(96)12357-0 · Cited by 131
Smit, A. B. (1998) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(97)00063-4 · Cited by 129
Place learning and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Biessels, G. J., Kamal, A., Ramakers, G. M., et al. (1996) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.45.9.1259 · Cited by 128
Protein Tyrosine Kinase‐Mediated Potentiation of Currents from Cloned NMDA Receptors
Chen, S.-J., & Leonard, J. P. (1996) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.67010194.x · Cited by 125
Adem, A., Jossan, S. S., d'Argy, R., Gillberg, P., Nordberg, A. K., Winblad, B. G., & Sara, V. R. (1989) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(89)91678-8 · Cited by 122
Baskin, D. G., Woods, S. C., West, D. B., van Houten, M., Posner, B. I., Dorsa, D. M., & Porte, D. (1983) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-113-5-1818 · Cited by 122
Insulin potentiates N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor activity in Xenopus oocytes and rat hippocampus
Liu, L., Brown, J. C., Webster, W. W., Morrisett, R. A., & Monaghan, D. T. (1995) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(95)11593-l · Cited by 122
Insulin reduces norepinephrine transporter mRNA in vivo in rat locus coeruleus
Figlewicz, D. P., Szot, P., Israel, P. A., Payne, C., & Dorsa, D. M. (1993) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)90258-o · Cited by 121
Regulation by insulin of a unique neuronal Ca2+ pool and of neuropeptide secretion
Jonas, E. A., Knox, R. J., Smith, T. C. M., Wayne, N. L., Connor, J. A., & Kaczmarek, L. K. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/385343a0 · Cited by 120
Cognitive decline associated with normal aging in rats: a neuropsychological approach.Preprint
Zyzak, D. R., Otto, T., Eichenbaum, H., & Gallagher, M. (1995) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.2.1.1 · Cited by 119
Insulin Transport From Plasma Into the Central Nervous System Is Inhibited by Dexamethasone in Dogs
Baura, G., Foster, D. M., Kaiyala, K. J., Porte, D., Kahn, S. E., & Schwartz, M. W. (1996) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.45.1.86 · Cited by 119
Insulin-Like Growth Factors as Mediators of Functional Plasticity in the Adult Brain
Torres‐Alemán, I. (1999) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-2007-978707 · Cited by 116
Intraventricular insulin and the level of maintained body weight in rats.
Chavez, M., Kaiyala, K. J., Madden, L. J., Schwartz, M. W., & Woods, S. C. (1995) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.109.3.528 · Cited by 111
Christie, J. M., Wenthold, R. J., & Monaghan, D. T. (1999) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.721523.x · Cited by 109
Chabot, C., Massicotte, G., Milot, M., Trudeau, F., & Gagné, J. (1997) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(97)00648-3 · Cited by 108
Woods, S. C., & STRUBBE, J. H. (1994) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03200770 · Cited by 107
Luca, M. D., Ruts, L., Gardoni, F., Cattabeni, F., Biessels, G. J., & Gispen, W. H. (1999) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s001250051217 · Cited by 106
Nitric oxide and hippocampal synaptic plasticity.
Zorumski, C., & Izumi, Y. (1993) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0006-2952(93)90484-e · Cited by 102
Minireview: Mechanisms by Which the Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes Impair Memory
Meena Kumari, B., Brunner, E. J., & Fuhrer, R. (2000) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/55.5.b228 · Cited by 102
Bernstein, H., Ansorge, S., Riederer, P. F., Reiser, M., Frölich, L., & Bogerts, B. (1999) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00135-4 · Cited by 101
Intraventricular insulin and the level of maintained body weight in rats.
Chavez, M., Kaiyala, K. J., Madden, L. J., et al. (1995) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.109.3.528 · Cited by 96
Insulin Synthesis by Isolated Rabbit Neurons*
Schechter, R., Holtzclaw, L. A., Sadiq, F. H., Kahn, A. J., & Devaskar, S. U. (1988) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-123-1-505 · Cited by 93
Kar, S., Seto, D., Doré, S., Hanisch, U., & Quirion, R. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.25.14054 · Cited by 93
Memory enhancement with posttraining intraventricular glucose injections in rats.
Lee, M. K., Graham, S. N., & Gold, P. E. (1988) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.102.4.591 · Cited by 91
Abnormal Glucose Tolerance and Arginine Tolerance Tests in Huntington’s Disease
Podolsky, S., & Leopold, N. A. (2009) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000212174 · Cited by 90
Insulin and the paraventricular hypothalamus: modulation of energy balance
Menéndez, J., & Atrens, D. M. (1991) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(91)90342-s · Cited by 89
Intrahypothalamic injection of insulin decreases firing rate of sympathetic nerves.
Sakaguchi, T., & Bray, G. A. (1987) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.84.7.2012 · Cited by 86
Insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) expression in rat brain
Baskin, D. G., Schwartz, M. W., Sipols, A. J., D’Alessio, D. A., Goldstein, B. J., & White, M. F. (1994) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.134.4.7511094 · Cited by 86
Analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase and insulin transcripts in human neuroendocrine tissues
Coker, G. T., Studelska, D. R., Harmon, S., Burke, W. J., & O’Malley, K. L. (1990) · Molecular Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0169-328x(90)90052-f · Cited by 85
Stein, L. J., Dorsa, D. M., Baskin, D. G., Figlewicz, D. P., Porte, D., & Woods, S. C. (1987) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-121-5-1611 · Cited by 84
Memory enhancement with posttraining intraventricular glucose injections in rats.
Lee, M. K., Graham, S. N., & Gold, P. E. (1988) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.102.4.591 · Cited by 84
The Subcortical Dementia of Huntington's Disease
Zakzanis, K. K. (1998) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1076/jcen.20.4.565.1468 · Cited by 82
Object Recognition in Mice: Improvement of Memory by Glucose
Messier, C. (1997) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1006/nlme.1996.3755 · Cited by 82
Penetration of peripheral glucose and insulin into cerebrospinal fluid in rats
Steffens, A. B., Scheurink, A. J. W., Porte, D., & Woods, S. C. (1988) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1988.255.2.r200 · Cited by 80
Alterations in Glucose Metabolism in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
Meneilly, G. S., & Hill, A. (1993) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1993.tb07458.x · Cited by 79
Effect of diet restriction on glucose metabolism and insulin responsiveness in aging rats
Kalant, N., Stewart, J., & Kaplan, R. B. (1988) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/0047-6374(88)90117-0 · Cited by 77
Long-term potentiation is lost in aged rats but preserved by calorie restriction
Hori, N., Hirotsu, I., Davis, P. J., & Carpenter, D. O. (1992) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199212000-00013 · Cited by 76
Cognitive function in diabetes mellitus
Richardson, J. T. E. (1990) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(05)80060-0 · Cited by 75
Hoyer, S., Henneberg, N., KNAPP, S., Lannert, H., & MARTIN, E. (1996) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb34448.x · Cited by 73
Castro‐Alamancos, M. A., & Torres‐Alemán, I. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.21.10203 · Cited by 71
Insulin‐like Growth Factor Receptors: Implications for Nervous System Function
LeRoith, D., Werner, H., Faria, T. N., Kato, H., Adamo, M. L., & Roberts, C. T. (1993) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb26202.x · Cited by 70
Evaluation of rat insulin messenger RNA in pancreatic and extrapancreatic tissues
Giddings, S. J., Chirgwin, J. M., & Permutt, M. A. (1985) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00283141 · Cited by 69
Intracisternal insulin alters sensitivity to CCK-induced meal suppression in baboons
Figlewicz, D. P., Stein, L. J., West, D., Porte, D., & Woods, S. C. (1986) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1986.250.5.r856 · Cited by 69
Transgenic animals relevant to Alzheimer’s disease
Seabrook, G. R., & Rosahl, T. W. (1999) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0028-3908(98)00170-1 · Cited by 63
Baskin, D. G., Sipols, A. J., Schwartz, M. W., & White, M. F. (1993) · Regulatory Peptides · doi:10.1016/0167-0115(93)90355-c · Cited by 63
Characteristics of learning and memory in streptozocin-induced diabetic mice
Flood, J. F., Mooradian, A. D., & Morley, J. E. (1990) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.39.11.1391 · Cited by 60
Glucose Transporter Isoform Expression in Huntington's Disease Brain
Gamberino, W. C., & Brennan, W. A. (1994) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.63041392.x · Cited by 58
Adrenalectomy Increases Sensitivity to Central Insulin
Chavez, M. (1997) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(97)00188-1 · Cited by 57
A re-assessment of the regulation of adiposity and appetite by the brain insulin system.
Woods, S. C., Lattemann, D. F., Schwartz, M. W., & Porte, D. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 57
Effect of age and diet on insulin secretion and insulin action in the rat
REAVEN, E. P., Wright, D. W., Mondon, C. E., et al. (1983) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.32.2.175 · Cited by 57
Insulin in Brain and Other Extrapancreatic Tissues of Vertebrates and Nonvertebrates
Roith, D. L., HENDRICKS, S. A., Lesniak, M. A., Rishi, S., Becker, K. L., Havránková, J., Rosenzweig, J. L., Brownstein, M., & Roth, J. (1983) · Advances in metabolic disorders · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-027310-2.50017-7 · Cited by 56
Henneberg, N., & Hoyer, S. (1994) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(94)91102-9 · Cited by 55
Glucose-insulin metabolism in chronic schizophrenia.
Brambilla, F., Guastalla, A., Guerrini, A., Riggi, F., Rovere, C., Zanoboni, A., & Zanoboni-Muciaccia, W. (1976) · PubMed · Cited by 54
Shibata, S., Liou, S. Y., Ueki, S., & Oomura, Y. (1986) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(86)90077-6 · Cited by 52
The insulin receptor. A multifunctional protein
Olefsky, J. M. (1990) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.39.9.1009 · Cited by 52
Age- and dose-dependent glucose-induced increases in memory and attention in schizophrenia
Fucetola, R. P., Newcomer, J. W., Craft, S., & Melson, A. K. (1999) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(99)00063-3 · Cited by 51
Rubinsztein, D. C. (1995) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700036138 · Cited by 51
Schechter, R., Sadiq, H. F., & Devaskar, S. U. (1990) · Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry · doi:10.1177/38.6.2186089 · Cited by 50
The new elements of insulin signaling. Insulin receptor substrate-1 and proteins with SH2 domains
Myers, M. G., & White, M. F. (1993) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.42.5.643 · Cited by 48
Boyt, A., Taddei, K., Hallmayer, J. F., Helmerhorst, E., Gandy, S., Craft, S., & Martins, R. N. (1999) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(99)00458-3 · Cited by 46
Insulin Modulation of Cloned Mouse NMDA Receptor Currents in Xenopus Oocytes
Liao, G., & Leonard, J. P. (1999) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0731510.x · Cited by 46
Effect of Combinations of Insulin, Glucose and Scopolamine on Radial Arm Maze Performance
Blanchard, J. G., & Duncan, P. M. (1997) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(97)00064-6 · Cited by 42
Effects of feeding and insulin on extracellular acetylcholine in the amygdala of freely moving rats
Hajnal, A., Pothos, E. N., Lénárd, L., & Hoebel, B. G. (1998) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(97)01291-2 · Cited by 39
Insulin receptors in the brain cortex of aging mice
Zaia, A., & PIANTANELLI, L. (2000) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/s0047-6374(99)00118-9 · Cited by 38
Glucose-insulin metabolism in chronic schizophrenia
Brambilla, F., Guastalla, A., Guerrini, A., Riggi, F., Rovere, C., Zanoboni, A., & Zanoboni-Muciaccia, W. (1975) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)63700-0 · Cited by 37
C-peptide immunoreactive neurons in human brain
Dorn, A., Rinne, A., Hahn, H.-J., Bernstein, H., & ZIEGLER, M. (1982) · Acta Histochemica · doi:10.1016/s0065-1281(82)80080-9 · Cited by 37
Modulation of ATP-Sensitive K+Channel by Insulin in Rat Skeletal Muscle Fibers
Tricarico, D., Mallamaci, R., Barbieri, M., & Camerino, D. C. (1997) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.6320 · Cited by 36
LONG, J., DAVIS, B., Garofalo, P., Spangler, E. L., & INGRAM, D. (1992) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(92)90159-y · Cited by 36
Kopf, S. R., & Baratti, C. M. (1995) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1006/nlme.1995.1026 · Cited by 34
Insulin transport from plasma into the central nervous system is inhibited by dexamethasone in dogs
Baura, G. D., Foster, D. M., Kaiyala, K. J., et al. (1996) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.45.1.86 · Cited by 34
Memory Modulation by Post-training Glucose or Insulin Remains Evident at Long Retention Intervals
Kopf, S. R., & Baratti, C. M. (1996) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1006/nlme.1996.0020 · Cited by 33
Insulin increases energy expenditure and respiratory quotient in the rat
Menéndez, J., & Atrens, D. M. (1989) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(89)90272-4 · Cited by 32
Schwarzberg, H., Bernstein, H., Reiser, M., & Günther, O. (1989) · Neuropeptides · doi:10.1016/0143-4179(89)90002-4 · Cited by 32
Insulin attenuates scopolamine-induced memory deficits
Messier, C., & Destrade, C. (1994) · Psychobiology · doi:10.3758/bf03327075 · Cited by 31
Schizophrenia is a diabetic brain state: An elucidation of impaired neurometabolism
Holden, R. J., & Mooney, P. A. (1994) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/0306-9877(94)90020-5 · Cited by 31
Homeostatic disruption and memory: effect of insulin administration in rats
Santucci, A. C., Schroeder, H., & Riccio, D. C. (1990) · Behavioral and Neural Biology · doi:10.1016/0163-1047(90)90184-8 · Cited by 30
Chik, C. L., Li, B., Karpinski, E., & Ho, A. K. (1997) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.138.5.5129 · Cited by 29
Bhattacharya, S. K., & Saraswati, M. (1991) · PubMed · Cited by 29
Figlewicz, D. P., & Szot, P. (1991) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(91)90410-w · Cited by 28
Brass, B. J., Nonner, D., & Barrett, J. N. (1992) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb09387.x · Cited by 27
Balschun, D., & Reymann, K. (1994) · Neuropeptides · doi:10.1016/0143-4179(94)90028-0 · Cited by 25
Brain protein phosphorylation : Selective substrate action of insulin
Akers, R. F., & Routtenberg, A. (1984) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(84)90404-1 · Cited by 23
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Blair, 1997, IGF-I modulates N and L calcium channels in a PI-3-kinase-dependent manner, Neuron, 717
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Alzheimer disease: Epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, risk factors and biomarkers
Reitz, C., & Mayeux, R. P. (2014) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2013.12.024 · Cited by 1,271
Belfiore, A., Frasca, F., Pandini, G., Sciacca, L., & Vigneri, R. (2009) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2008-0047 · Cited by 1,058
Aggregation of vascular risk factors and risk of incident Alzheimer disease
Luchsinger, J. A., Reitz, C., Honig, L. S., Tang, M. X., Shea, S., & Mayeux, R. (2005) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000172914.08967.dc · Cited by 790
Hyperinsulinemia and risk of Alzheimer disease
Luchsinger, J. A., Tang, M.-X., Shea, S., & Mayeux, R. (2004) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000140292.04932.87 · Cited by 683
Is Alzheimer’s disease a type 3 diabetes? A critical appraisal
Kandimalla, R., Thirumala, V., & Reddy, P. H. (2017) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.08.018 · Cited by 621
Metadata
- Authors
- Park, C. R.
- Affiliations
- University of South Florida (US)
- Corresponding author
- Park, C.R
- ORCID
- Park, C.R
- Venue
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-06
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 311-323
- ISSN
- 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2013952491
- Cited by
- 270
- References
- 206
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 1.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- insulin, central nervous system, cognitive function, memory, learning, insulin receptor, insulin resistance, insulin deficiency, rodent models, neurophysiology
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Central Nervous System, Cognition, Cognition Disorders, Humans, Insulin, Receptor, Insulin, Somatomedins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review