Photoreceptor degeneration and dysfunction in aging and age-related maculopathy

Jackson, Gregory R; Owsley, Cynthia; Curcio, Christine A

doi:10.1016/s1568-1637(02)00007-7

Cited by 317Retinal Diseases and TreatmentsRetinal Development and DisordersRetinal Imaging and Analysis

Photoreceptor degeneration and dysfunction in aging and age-related maculopathy

Jackson, Gregory R, Owsley, Cynthia, Curcio, Christine A·2002·Ageing Research Reviews

DOI 10.1016/s1568-1637(02)00007-7

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Abstract

The relative rate of rod and cone degeneration is a fundamental characteristic of any disorder affecting photoreceptors, including aging and age-related maculopathy (ARM). The human macula consists of a small cone-dominated fovea surrounded by a rod-dominated parafovea. In aging and early ARM, rods degenerate before cones, a decline in scotopic (rod-mediated) sensitivity is more prominent than a decline in photopic (cone-mediated) sensitivity, and the time course of dark adaptation of rods slows dramatically. The topography of rod dysfunction and loss in early ARM matches the location of pathology in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/Bruch's membrane complex visible in the ocular fundus. Rod dysfunction and loss in aging and ARM may be due to retinoid deficiency at the level of the photoreceptors cause by impaired retinoid translocation across the RPE/Bruch's membrane complex, a hypothesis deserving of further investigation.

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In AMD, dysfunction and death of macular photoreceptors are responsible for impairment of central vision.
“Though the initial lesions in both GA and CNV involve RPE and Bruch’s membrane pathology, it is the dysfunction and death of macular photoreceptors that are responsible for impairment of central vision in AMD (78).”
From Unraveling a Multifactorial Late-Onset Disease: From Genetic Susceptibility to Disease Mechanisms for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2009) · cites this paper as [78]
In humans, advanced age is accompanied by increased vulnerability to disease, with progressive and generally irreversible loss of physiological functions; in the eye, these include deficits in visual processing and degenerative changes in retinal neurons and the RPE.
“In humans, advanced age is accompanied by increased vulnerability to disease, with progressive and generally irreversible loss of physiological functions; in the eye, these include deficits in visual processing and degenerative changes in retinal neurons (particularly rods and ganglion cells) and the RPE (16, 78).”
From Unraveling a Multifactorial Late-Onset Disease: From Genetic Susceptibility to Disease Mechanisms for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2009) · cites this paper as [78]

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Authors: Jackson, G. R., Owsley, C., & Curcio, C. A.
Affiliations: University of Alabama (US)
Corresponding author: Curcio, Christine A
ORCID: Owsley, Cynthia
Curcio, Christine A
Venue: Ageing Research Reviews
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2002-06
Volume: 1
Issue: 3
Pages: 381-396
ISSN: 1568-1637 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s1568-1637(02)00007-7
OpenAlex: W1970140546
Cited by: 317
References: 91
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 2.64
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Ageing Research Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Aging (R01 AG 04212, R01AG004212)
National Eye Institute (R01EY006109, EY06109)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinal Development and Disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Retinal Imaging and Analysis
Keywords: photoreceptor degeneration, rod photoreceptors, cone photoreceptors, age-related maculopathy, retinal aging, scotopic sensitivity, dark adaptation, retinal pigment epithelium, Bruch's membrane, macula
MeSH terms: Aging, Animals, Dark Adaptation, Humans, Macular Degeneration, Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate

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Photoreceptor degeneration and dysfunction in aging and age-related maculopathy

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