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Cited by 2,205

The DOI matches its OpenAlex record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

An Evolutionary Approach to Norms

Robert Axelrod·1986·American Political Science Review
DOI 10.1017/s0003055400185016
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Abstract

Norms provide a powerful mechanism for regulating conflict in groups, even when there are more than two people and no central authority. This paper investigates the emergence and stability of behavioral norms in the context of a game played by people of limited rationality. The dynamics of this new norms game are analyzed with a computer simulation based upon the evolutionary principle that strategies shown to be relatively effective will be used more in the future than less effective strategies. The results show the conditions under which norms can evolve and prove stable. One interesting possibility is the employment ofmetanorms,the willingness to punish someone who did not enforce a norm. Many historical examples of domestic and international norms are used to illustrate the wide variety of mechanisms that can support norms, including metanorms, dominance, internalization, deterrence, social proof, membership in groups, law, and reputation.

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OpenAlex · 10.1017/s0003055400185016

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Metadata

Authors
Axelrod, R.
Venue
American Political Science Review
Publisher
Cambridge University Press
Published
1986-12-01
Volume
80
Issue
4
Pages
1095-1111
ISSN
0003-0554 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1017/s0003055400185016
OpenAlex
W3152686726
Cited by
2,205
References
3
FWCI
95.55
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.