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Emotion regulation: affective, cognitive, and social consequences.
Open accessAbstract
One of life's great challenges is successfully regulating emotions. Do some emotion regulation strategies have more to recommend them than others? According to Gross's (1998, Review of General Psychology, 2, 271-299) process model of emotion regulation, strategies that act early in the emotion-generative process should have a different profile of consequences than strategies that act later on. This review focuses on two commonly used strategies for down-regulating emotion. The first, reappraisal, comes early in the emotion-generative process. It consists of changing the way a situation is construed so as to decrease its emotional impact. The second, suppression, comes later in the emotion-generative process. It consists of inhibiting the outward signs of inner feelings. Experimental and individual-difference studies find reappraisal is often more effective than suppression. Reappraisal decreases emotion experience and behavioral expression, and has no impact on memory. By contrast, suppression decreases behavioral expression, but fails to decrease emotion experience, and actually impairs memory. Suppression also increases physiological responding for suppressors and their social partners. This review concludes with a consideration of five important directions for future research on emotion regulation processes.
Checked 2026-10-05 · 1 reference not checked yet
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27 Own result · 22 Own interpretation · 13 No full text of the sources · 9 Sources not found · 6 No basis given · 3 Not checked yet · 2 Own method
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By contrast, suppression decreases behavioral expression, but fails to decrease emotion experience, and actually impairs memory.”
- Also stated in: § Affective Consequences of Reappraisal and Suppression: Experimental Data · p. 4 · plain
“Also unlike suppression, reappraisal decreased disgust experience, whereas suppression had no effect on disgust experience.”
- Also stated in: § Affective Consequences of Reappraisal and Suppression: Experimental Data · p. 5 · plain
“It is noteworthy that whereas suppressing negative emotionexpressive behavior has no discernible impact on negative emotion experience ~ e.g., disgust, sadness, embarrassment ! , suppressing positive emotion-expressive behavior does have an impact on positive emotion experience ~ e.g., amusement ! .”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Affective Consequences of Reappraisal and Suppression: Experimental Data · p. 4 · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By contrast, reappraisal had no impact on verbal memory.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Relations between suppression and negative emotion expression also followed expectations, with suppression being associated with lesser negative emotion expressive behavior.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Reappraisal, by contrast, was associated with greater positive emotion experience and expression, and lesser negative emotion experience and expression.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Reappraisal decreases emotion experience and behavioral expression, and has no impact on memory.”
- Also stated in: § Affective Consequences of Reappraisal and Suppression: Experimental Data · p. 4 · plain
“Also unlike suppression, reappraisal decreased disgust experience, whereas suppression had no effect on disgust experience.”
- Also stated in: § Affective Consequences of Reappraisal and Suppression: Individual-Difference Data · p. 5 · plain
“Reappraisal, by contrast, was associated with greater positive emotion experience and expression, and lesser negative emotion experience and expression.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Affective Consequences of Reappraisal and Suppression: Experimental Data · p. 4 · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we found that individuals who scored higher on either of the two suppression scales reported having worse memory that those who scored lower on these suppression scales”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By contrast, suppression decreases behavioral expression, but fails to decrease emotion experience, and actually impairs memory.”
- Also stated in: § Cognitive Consequences of Reappraisal and Suppression: Experimental Data · p. 6 · hedged
“As predicted, results indicated that suppression led to reliable decrements ~ compared to the control condition ! in both objective memory and memory confidence ratings.”
- Also stated in: § Cognitive Consequences of Reappraisal and Suppression: Experimental Data · p. 6 · plain
“As predicted, suppression participants performed less well on the verbal memory test than control participants.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Cognitive Consequences of Reappraisal and Suppression: Experimental Data · p. 6 · hedged
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“They also performed worse on an objective memory test in which they were asked to recall events they had listed in a daily diary 1 week earlier.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Unlike suppression, however, reappraisal had no observable consequences in terms of sympathetic activation of the cardiovascular or electrodermal systems.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Importantly, suppression's effect on verbal memory was just as pronounced for the low-emotion as for the high-emotion slides, suggesting that it is the process of engaging in suppression that is cognitively costly, rather than the amount of emotion that is actually suppressed.”
plainn = 76- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 28
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Table 1. Cognitive Consequences of Reappraisal and Suppression (Controlling for Neuroticism and Social Desirability)”
- Also stated in: § Cognitive Consequences of Reappraisal and Suppression: Experimental Data · p. 6 · plain
“| Self-reported | - .31 * | - .23 * | .09 |”
- Also stated in: § Cognitive Consequences of Reappraisal and Suppression: Experimental Data · p. 6 · plain
“| Objective | - .33 * | - .27 * | .05 |”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Cognitive Consequences of Reappraisal and Suppression: Experimental Data · p. 6 · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Findings regarding suppression and negative emotion experience were mixed, showing either no effects or positive effects, that is, the more individuals said they suppressed, the more negative emotion they said they felt.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In each case, suppression was associated with negative outcomes, whereas reappraisal was associated with positive outcomes.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Whereas suppress participants showed greater increases in sympathetic activation than watch or reappraise subjects, these latter two groups did not differ from one another.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In each case, suppression was associated with negative outcomes, whereas reappraisal was associated with positive outcomes.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Gross and Levenson ~ 1997 ! found a suppression effect for amusement experience both in a context that predominantly elicited amusement ~ an amusement film ! and in a context in which there were lower levels of amusement ~ a sadness film that evoked a bit of secondary amusement ! .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Gross and Levenson, 1997 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As expected, suppression decreased nonemotional behavior, and no differences were found between suppress and watch subjects for any of the physiological or experiential variables.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Importantly, however, emotions do not force us to respond in certain ways, they only make it more likely we will do so.”
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Individuals with schizophrenia have decreased emotion-expressive behavior compared with controls, but comparable levels of emotion experience”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Kring & Neale, 1996 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“reappraisal seems to decrease negative emotion experience and expression while either having no impact or actually increasing positive emotion experience and expression”
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These latter changes cohere theoretically, and can be described in terms of 'increased sympathetic activation of the cardiovascular system.'”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Such monitoring requires a continual outlay of cognitive resources, reducing the resources available for processing events so that they can later be remembered.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Suppression requires self-monitoring and self-corrective action throughout an emotional event.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The logic of this comparative design hinges on the premise that whereas antecedent-focused forms of emotion regulation ~ such as reappraisal ! principally concern whether or not emotion response tendencies are triggered , response-focused strategies ~ such as suppression ! concern how emotion response tendencies are modulated once they have been triggered .”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Suppression also was associated with poorer social support and lesser use of instrumental and emotional social support coping.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Gross and John ~ in press !
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“reappraisal led to increased activation of lateral prefrontal regions important for cognitive control, and to decreases in activation of the amygdala and medial orbitofrontal cortex”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Ochsner, Bunge, Gross, & Gabrieli, 2002
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Patients with schizophrenia also have well-characterized deficits in social functioning, and lead those interacting with them to feel uncomfortable”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Krause, Steimer, Sanger-Alt, & Wagner, 1989 source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“suppression seems to be a blunt instrument-one that decreases both negative and positive emotion-expressive behavior, thereby masking important social signals that would otherwise be available to social interaction partners”
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the ongoing requirement of monitoring one's own facial expressions and vocal signals could distract the suppressing individual and make them less responsive to the emotional cues of their partner”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“suggest that whereas suppression is cognitively costly, reappraisal is not”
- Also stated in: § Concluding Comment · p. 9 · hedged
“Suppression also consumes cognitive resources, impairing memory for information presented during the emotion regulation period. Reappraisal, by contrast, appears to have no such cognitive consequences.”
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The suppression and reappraisal constructs measured as habitual individual differences are the same constructs manipulated in the laboratory experiments.
- Also stated in: § Concluding Comment · p. 9 · hedged
In the paper
“Similarly, Harris ~ 2001 ! has found that suppressing visible signs of embarrassment leads to enhanced blood pressure responses, but does not affect emotion experience reports.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Harris, 2001 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Compared with the no soundtrack condition, participants who heard the soundtrack had lower skin conductance levels and more pleasant mood ratings.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Lazarus & Alfert, 1964 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Theorists since Darwin ~ 1872 0 1998 ! have maintained that emotionexpressive behavior plays an important role in facilitating social interactions.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Campos, Mumme, Kermoian, & Campos, 1994 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“over half of the nonsubstance related Axis I clinical disorders and all of the Axis II personality disorders involve some form of emotion dysregulation”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Gross & Levenson, 1997 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Individuals increase, maintain, and decrease negative and positive emotions ~ Parrott, 1993 ! .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Parrott, 1993
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Suppression also increases electrodermal responding and blood pressure, and decreases finger pulse amplitude, finger temperature, and pulse transit times.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Gross, 1998a
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Gross & Levenson, 1993, 1997
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This would make costly self-regulation unnecessary, leaving memory intact.”
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Taken together, these findings concerning suppression suggest decreases in positive emotion experience, but the physiological effects of suppression are not clear.”
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“suggesting that the cognitive costs of suppression are due to the verbal demands of self-instructions issued during the course of suppression ~ e.g., 'I need to keep my face still' ! .”
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Suppression requires self-monitoring and self-corrective action throughout an emotional event.
In the paper
“Diverse forms of self-regulation result in similar kinds of 'ego depletion,' which suggests that a common resource may be consumed in diverse forms of regulation”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Baumeister, Bratslavsky, Muraven, & Tice, 1998 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“suppression appears to have little impact on negative emotion experience, while decreasing positive emotion experience”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Suppression requires self-monitoring and self-corrective action throughout an emotional event.
“Suppression is a form of emotion regulation that requires selfmonitoring and self-corrective action throughout an emotional event.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Emotions involve coordinated behavioral, experiential, and physiological response tendencies.
“In either case, emotions call forth a coordinated set of behavioral, experiential, and physiological response tendencies that together influence how we respond to perceived challenges and opportunities.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The personal meaning assigned to a situation strongly influences which experiential, behavioral, and physiological response tendencies are generated.
“The personal meaning that is assigned to the situation is crucial because it powerfully influences which experiential, behavioral, and physiological response tendencies will be generated in that particular situation.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The suppression and reappraisal constructs measured as habitual individual differences are the same constructs manipulated in the laboratory experiments.
“These individual-difference findings converge with the results of our experimental studies, and suggest that whereas suppression is cognitively costly, reappraisal is not.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“In the last two decades clinicians have shown that mindfulness training can improve emotional disorders [74] and negative mood [75] and reduce physiological responses such as skin conductance [76] and amygdala activity [67].”
From Mindful emotion regulation: Exploring the neurocognitive mechanisms behind mindfulness (2015) · cites this paper as [74]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“some models of emotions distinguish between antecedent-focused and response-focused emotion regulation strategies, based on the differential processing of internal and external emotional cues [65–68].”
From The empirical status of the "new wave" of cognitive behavioral therapy (2010) · cites this paper as [66]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In addition, the recognition performance of emotional stimuli seems to be unaffected by emotional reappraisal (see [9,28] but see [29]), whereas suppression leads to impaired recognition [8,9].”
From Effects of differential strategies of emotion regulation (2019) · cites this paper as [9]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“We used similar instructions as Gross and colleagues to induce suppression (e.g., Gross & Levenson, 1997), and we replicated their earlier findings, suggesting that our experimental manipulation worked (Gross, 1998, 2002; Gross & Levenson, 1997).”
From How to handle anxiety: The effects of reappraisal, acceptance, and suppression strategies on anxious arousal (2009) · cites this paper as Gross, 2002
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Laboratory based studies of cognitive change report psychological benefits from instructing participants to reappraise emotional stimuli or tasks in a manner designed to diminish personal identification and increase objectivity before the individuals encounter the stimuli or task”
From United we stand: emphasizing commonalities across cognitive-behavioral therapies. (2013) · cites this paper as Gross, 2002
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“to achieve a common goal of behavioral adaptation, CBTs share change principles that target responding at different points along an emotional trajectory (Gross, 2002), including context engagement which can be seen as encompassing therapeutic processes of behavioral exposure and behavioral activation; attention change, which can be seen as encompassing therapeutic processes of attention training”
From United we stand: emphasizing commonalities across cognitive-behavioral therapies. (2013) · cites this paper as Gross, 2002
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Within this framework, the process model differentiates emotion regulation strategies according to the time they intervene in the unfolding emotional response: we can distinguish between antecedent-focused strategies, which are used before the emotion response tendencies become active, and response-focused strategies, which are used once the response tendencies are generated [56,60,61].”
From Interoceptive Ability and Emotion Regulation in Mind–Body Interventions: An Integrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [60]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Cognitive reappraisal is an effective emotion regulation strategy (Gross, 2002), that has been demonstrated to facilitate emotion regulation in healthy and psychiatric cohorts.”
From Rt-fMRI neurofeedback-guided cognitive reappraisal training modulates amygdala responsivity in posttraumatic stress disorder (2020) · cites this paper as Gross, 2002
In the citing paper
“Emotion regulation therapy (ERT) is one approach to combining CBTs and MBIs that addresses sequencing by targeting the refractory negative emotionality and resulting negative self-referentiality that characterizes distress disorders [75] by first addressing attention change techniques”
From All together now: utilizing common functional change principles to unify cognitive behavioral and mindfulness-based therapies (2019) · cites this paper as [81]
In the citing paper
“Taken together, this suggests that the generation of compassion in response to distressing situations is distinct from other emotion regulation strategies, such as suppression or reappraisal, which involve an active downregulation of negative affect (Gross, 2002).”
From Differential pattern of functional brain plasticity after compassion and empathy training (2014) · cites this paper as Gross, 2002
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Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Social Consequences of Reappraisal and Suppression: Experimental Data · p. 7
“We asked unacquainted pairs of women to watch an upsetting film, and then discuss their reactions ~ Butler, Egloff, Wilhelm, Smith, & Gross, 2002 ! .”
§ REFERENCES · p. 10
“Butler, E. A., Egloff, B., Wilhelm, F. H., Smith, N. C., & Gross, J. J. ~ 2001 ! . The social consequences of emotion regulation . Manuscript under review.”
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Items 2,101–2,200 of 4,870
Lin, D., Bi, J., Zhang, X., Zhu, F., & Wang, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2022.983674 · Cited by 11
“Cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression are two strategies representative of emotion regulation (Gross, 2002; Goldin et al., 2008; Kalokerinos et al., 2015; Pan et al., 2019).”
BackgroundTatli, S., & Aytar, A. G. (2023) · Milli Eğitim Dergisi · doi:10.37669/milliegitim.1072215 · Cited by 11
“Bu sebeple yaşama ayak uydurmada duyguları tanıma ve organize etmenin kazanımı en az temel gelişimsel becerilerin kazanımı kadar önem taşımaktadır (Curby vd., 2015; Gross, 2002; Gross & Thompson, 2007; Thompson, 1994).”
Hadi, S. A. A., & Gharaibeh, M. (2023) · Emerging Science Journal · doi:10.28991/esj-2023-07-04-017 · Cited by 24
“Gross [39] added that the faculty member tries to reduce negative emotions and increase, maintain, or even reduce positive emotions.”
Was zeichnet einen kompetenten Coach im HR-Management aus?
Michel, A., Merz, C., Frey, A., et al. (2014) · Organisationsberatung Supervision Coaching · doi:10.1007/s11613-014-0391-z · Cited by 11
Northover, C., Thapar, A., Langley, K., & van Goozen, S. H. M. (2015) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci5030369 · Cited by 14
“However, many argue that emotion dysregulation should take more of a consideration in the assessment of ADHD due to its impact on psychological, physical and social outcomes [10,11].”
BackgroundAttention to Emotion and Non-Western Faces: Revisiting the Facial Feedback Hypothesis
Dzokoto, V. A. A., Wallace, D. S., Peters, L., & Bentsi-Enchill, E. (2014) · The Journal of General Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221309.2014.884052 · Cited by 11
“Cognitive Reappraisal, which happens before the emotion is fully realized and involves changing the meaning of a situation (Gross, 1998, 2002), may decrease both the emotional feeling and the behavior associated with it (English & John, 2012).”
BackgroundEffects of physical provocations on heart rate reactivity and reactive aggression in children
Juujärvi, P., Kaartinen, J., Laitinen, T. P., Vanninen, E. J., & Pulkkinen, L. (2006) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.20129 · Cited by 11
The importance of emotional display rules for employee well-being: A multi-group comparison
Ybema, J. F., & van Dam, K. (2014) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2014.898319 · Cited by 12
“Although emotion suppression decreases emotional expression, as it intends to do, it does not decrease the intensity of the felt emotion (Gross, 2002).”
BackgroundPrefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation facilitates affective flexibility
Aboulafia-Brakha, T., Manuel, A. L., & Ptak, R. (2016) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.03.030 · Cited by 12
“This ability is associated with the use of adaptive emotion regulation strategies, such as reappraisal -the ability to cognitively re-interpret the situation and thus to modify emotional experience (Gross, 2002; Malooly et al., 2013).”
Exposure therapy and cognitive interventions for the anxiety disorders
Forsyth, J. P., Barrios, V., & Acheson, D. T. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012587421-2/50004-1 · Cited by 11
“Emotion regulation simply refers to a heterogeneous set of actions that are designed to influence “which emotions we have, when we have them, and how we experience and express them” (Gross, 2002, p. 282; see also Gross, 1998).”
BackgroundMaintenance Process of Psychological Homeostasis in Badminton Competition
전재연, & 윤영길 (2014) · Korean Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.24985/kjss.2014.25.3.575 · Cited by 11
An examination of ecological predictors of health literacy in black college students
Rosario, C., Modeste, N., Santos, H. D., et al. (2017) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2017.1341894 · Cited by 11
Yang, N., Lu, J., & Ye, J. (2018) · Psychiatria Danubina · doi:10.24869/psyd.2018.26 · Cited by 11
Kalsi, N., Tambelli, R., Altavilla, D., Trentini, C., Panunzi, S., Stanca, M., Aceto, P., Cardona, F., & Lai, C. (2018) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/15622975.2018.1430375 · Cited by 11
Bastiaansen, J. A., Bennik, E. C., Marsman, J.-B., Ormel, J., Aleman, A., & Oldehinkel, A. J. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0202888 · Cited by 13
Gonnelli, C., Agus, M., & Raffagnino, R. (2018) · Open Journal of Medical Psychology · doi:10.4236/ojmp.2018.74010 · Cited by 11
Taylor, L. P., & Newberry, M. (2018) · Studying Teacher Education · doi:10.1080/17425964.2018.1541276 · Cited by 11
“This is the manner in which teachers reappraise situations in order to regulate their emotions before responding (Gross, 2002).”
BackgroundMedrano, L. A., Franco, P., Flores-Kanter, P. E., & Mustaca, A. E. (2019) · Suma Psicológica · doi:10.14349/sumapsi.2019.v26.n1.3 · Cited by 13
“Si bien no hay una forma de RE intrínsecamente adaptativa o desadaptativa (Gratz & Roemer, 2004; Gross, 2002), hay algunas que se consideran más adecuadas que otras por los resultados obtenidos en diversas investigaciones.”
BackgroundFard, F. S., & Hajiarbabi, F. (2019) · Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.29252/shenakht.6.1.49 · Cited by 13
Fischer, L., Romainville, M., & Philippot, P. (2020) · L’Orientation scolaire et professionnelle · doi:10.4000/osp.11816 · Cited by 11
Memory improvement in aging as a function of exposure to mood-matching music
Ward, E. V., Isac, A., Donnelly, M., Puyvelde, M. V., & Franco, F. (2020) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2020.103206 · Cited by 12
“…valence per se, a match between the music and the listener’s state is critical, for example for reducing attentional costs incurred when current action tendencies associated with mood and emotional states are mismatched by those embodied in musical features (cf. Gross, 2002; Perlovsky, 2015).”
BackgroundNeural activity during cognitive reappraisal in chronic low back pain: a preliminary study
Ng, S. K., Urquhart, D. M., Fitzgerald, P. B., Kirkovski, M., Cicuttini, F., Maller, J. J., Enticott, P. G., Rossell, S. L., & Fitzgibbon, B. M. (2021) · Scandinavian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1515/sjpain-2020-0146 · Cited by 10
Ding, J. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02079-7 · Cited by 11
“In contrast to CR, ES fails to prevent the development of negative emotions, a situation which emotion has already been triggered and cannot be held back (Gross, 1998), even increase the intensity of the experienced emotion because of the cognitive load that ES imposes (Gross, 2002, 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialda Costa, K. G., Urry, H. L., Fontes, E. B., Elliott, G., Cantelon, J. A., & Giles, G. E. (2021) · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1612197x.2021.1979080 · Cited by 11
Nentjes, L., Garofalo, C., & Kosson, D. S. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811419-3.00006-6 · Cited by 11
Jerg‐Bretzke, L., Walter, S., Limbrecht-Ecklundt, K., & Traue, H. C. (2013) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.3205/psm000093 · Cited by 11
“This leads to increased and prolonged autonomic arousal compared to control conditions [10].”
BackgroundEmotion Regulation Choice: Differences in U.S. and Indian Populations
Mehta, A., Young, G. R., Wicker, A., Barber, S. J., & Suri, G. (2017) · International Journal of Indian Psychology · doi:10.25215/0402.160 · Cited by 11
“A growing body of research in the past two decades has demonstrated that the choice of emotion regulation (ER) strategies we employ give rise to myriad consequences in spheres ranging from mental health, to everyday affect, to cognitive functioning, to social success (Gross & Muñoz, 1995; English, John, Srivastava, &…”
Zeng, Y., Xiao, G., Ye, B., Zhang, Y., Liu, M., Wang, X., & Yang, Q. (2022) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106493 · Cited by 11
“Emotion regulation refers to the processes of influencing which emotions we have, when we have them, and how we experience and express them (Gross, 2002).”
Miri, P., Arora, M., Malhotra, A., Flory, R., Hu, S., Lowber, A., Goyal, I., Nguyen, J., Hegarty, J. P., Kohn, M. D., et al. (2022) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3491102.3517619 · Cited by 11
Self-citationMethod for Appropriating the Brief Implicit Association Test to Elicit Biases in Users
Dingler, T., Tag, B., Eccles, D., van Berkel, N., & Kostakos, V. (2022) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3491102.3517570 · Cited by 11
Vitolo, E., Diano, M., Giromini, L., & Zennaro, A. (2022) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108349 · Cited by 13
Domínguez-Arriola, M. E., Olalde-Mathieu, V. E., Garza‐Villarreal, E. A., & Barrios, F. A. (2022) · Brain Topography · doi:10.1007/s10548-022-00910-3 · Cited by 15
“2015; Gross 2002; Ochsner & Gross 2005).”
BackgroundModeling the effect of regulation of negative emotions on mood
Abro, A. H., Klein, M. C. A., Manzoor, A. R., Tabatabaei, S. A., & Jan Treur, A. (2015) · Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures · doi:10.1016/j.bica.2015.06.003 · Cited by 11
“For example, closing or covering your eyes when a movie is too scary, or avoiding an aggressive person are other forms of emotion regulation mechanisms (Goldin, McRae, Ramel, & Gross, 2008; Gross, 2002).”
BackgroundMethodZhang, W., Li, F., Qin, S., & Luo, J. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030761 · Cited by 12
“logical, and imaging studies suggests that cognitive reappraisal affects emotional and physiological arousal [1,7] and produces changes in electrophysiological and hemodynamic activities during viewing affective pictures [5,8–11].”
BackgroundCha, J., & Yi, M. (2013) · Korean Journal of Adult Nursing · doi:10.7475/kjan.2013.25.4.389 · Cited by 11
“정서 연구의 대표자인 Gross (2003) 도 통제할 수 없는 상황에서는 문제중심의 대처보다는 다른 방식으로 생각하는 것, 즉 평가중심의 대처로 상황의 긍정적 측면을 보는 인지적 재구성이 효과적이라고 주장하였다.”
Mindfulness- and Acceptance-Based Interventions in the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders
Vøllestad, J. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22255-4_6 · Cited by 11
Bagozzi, R. P., Belschak, F. D., Verbeke, W., & Gavino, J. C. (2016) · Spanish Journal of Marketing - ESIC · doi:10.1016/j.reimke.2016.01.002 · Cited by 12
Gagnon, J. (2017) · Journal of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Disorders · doi:10.26502/jppd.2572-519x0015 · Cited by 11
“The assumption behind this question was that inhibition of emotion would be one of the main mechanisms in affective regulation, and that it enables us to regulate emotions and express them at the moment and in a manner that we want to [44].”
BackgroundBirk, J. L., Rogers, A. H., Shahane, A. D., & Urry, H. L. (2017) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-017-9659-x · Cited by 11
Should social enterprises complement or supplement public health provision?
Poveda, S. C., Gill, M., Junio, D. R., Thinyane, H., & Catan, V. (2019) · Social enterprise journal · doi:10.1108/sej-12-2018-0083 · Cited by 11
Ali, N., Cooperman, C., Nitschke, J. P., Baldwin, M. W., & Pruessner, J. C. (2020) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-020-05591-z · Cited by 10
“Furthermore, this ability to identify and adaptively respond to relevant threatening stimuli is crucial for successful emotion regulation under stress (Gross 2002; Rueda et al. 2004).”
BackgroundSellier, A.-L., & Avnet, T. (2018) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.06.003 · Cited by 11
Mindfulness and Acceptance: The Perspective of Cognitive Therapy
Hofmann, S. G., Glombiewski, J. A., Asnaani, A., & Sawyer, A. T. (2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118001851.ch11 · Cited by 12
The Neurobiology of Emotion Regulation
Sebastian, C. L., & Ahmed, S. P. (2018) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118650868.ch6 · Cited by 14
Phase-synchronized brain connectivity during emotion regulation: attachment as a moderator
Domic‐Siede, M., Guzmán‐González, M., Ortiz, R., Hernández, S., & Carvallo, C. (2025) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsaf069 · Cited by 11
Effectiveness of Choice Theory Connections
Grills, C. T., Villanueva, S., Anderson, M. S., Corsbie-Massay, C. L., Smith, B., Johnson, L., & Owens, K. (2014) · International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology · doi:10.1177/0306624x13520129 · Cited by 10
“, 2007) and emotion regulation (Gross, 2002; Gross & John, 2003).”
BackgroundSafdar, F., & Khan, N. (2019) · Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research · doi:10.33824/pjpr.2019.34.3.30 · Cited by 10
Pinto, A. L. D. C. B., Pasian, S. R., & Malloy‐Diniz, L. F. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23213 · Cited by 11
Cumming, M. M., Poling, D. V., Qiu, Y., Pham, A. V., Daunic, A. P., Corbett, N., & Smith, S. W. (2021) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/10731911211032289 · Cited by 13
“…is dependent on emotion regulation skills (Garner, 2010; Gross, 2002), and the distinction between the two for younger students may be less notable due to less developed cognitive and language abilities to express and regulate emotions and resulting behaviors (Diaz et al., 2017; Gross, 2002).”
BackgroundGomes, P. V. T., Matos, P. M., Silva, E., Silva, J., Silva, E., & Sales, C. M. D. (2022) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2022.03.018 · Cited by 10
Meh, whatever: The effects of indifference expressions on cooperation in social conflict.
Cohen‐Chen, S., Brady, G. L., Massaro, S., & Kleef, G. A. V. (2022) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspi0000392 · Cited by 10
“Previous work (Butler et al., 2003; Gross, 2002; Uchino et al., 1996) has shown that interacting with individuals who are unresponsive to emotional cues increased stress and negative affect in observers.”
BackgroundMethodLeader–follower interpersonal behaviors, emotional regulation and LMX quality
Ayoko, O. B., Tan, P. P., & Li, Y. (2022) · Journal of Management & Organization · doi:10.1017/jmo.2022.26 · Cited by 12
“…we focus on cognitive appraisal (rather than suppression) because we reason that suppression is concerned with what individuals do to inhibit the outward signs of their inner feelings (Gross, 2002) and that this may remove the opportunity to learn from the emotions experienced in LMX interactions.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialGao, J., Leung, H. K., Fan, J., Wu, B. W. Y., & Sik, H. H. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.891656 · Cited by 10
“Internally, after having engaged with the situation, the individual can regulate their emotions via attention deployment, cognitive change, and modulation of response expression (Gross, 2002; Goldenberg et al., 2016).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialEmotion regulation in young adults with family history of harmful alcohol use: A fMRI study
Kirk‐Provencher, K. T., Penner, A. E., Kateri Mcrae, A., & Gowin, J. L. (2022) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109752 · Cited by 10
Rahaman, S., Govil, P., Khan, D., & Jevremov, T. (2023) · Information Discovery and Delivery · doi:10.1108/idd-11-2022-0110 · Cited by 11
David, I. A., Gomes, F. D. S., Silva, L. A. A., Coutinho, G. M. S., Pacheco, L. B., Figueira, J. S. B., Pereira, M. G., Oliveira, L., Souza, G. G. L., Mota, B. E. F., et al. (2023) · Food Quality and Preference · doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2023.104995 · Cited by 10
Williams, A. J., Townsend, E., Naeche, N., Chapman-Nisar, A., Hollis, C. P., Slovák, P., & Minds, D. Y. W. S. (2023) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/52336 · Cited by 13
Ackermans, M. A., Jonker, N. C., & de Jong, P. J. (2023) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2023.107148 · Cited by 14
“If an individual has access to adaptive cognitive ER strategies to decrease negative emotions (Gross, 2002), they may be less likely to rely on food to alleviate these emotions.”
Reciprocal effects between reading comprehension and emotional cognitive ability
Wenren, S., Ding, W., Wang, Z., Xia, Y. Y., Xie, R., & Li, W. (2023) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2023.102398 · Cited by 20
Culturally adapting relational savoring: A therapeutic approach to improve relationship quality
Borelli, J. L., Zhou, E., Russo, L. N., Li, F. H., Tironi, M., Yamashita, K. S., Smiley, P. A., & Campos, B. (2024) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.12989 · Cited by 11
“However, in individualistic cultures, suppressing negative emotion does not reduce the experiential or physiological effects of negative emotion (Gross, 2002).”
Interoception and social-emotional competence among adolescents: the role of emotion regulation
Chen, L., Bai, S., Zhang, L., Zhou, Y., & Liu, P. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-06307-8 · Cited by 13
“As stated by Gross, high-quality social functioning depends on the effective regulation of one’s emotions (Gross, 2002 ).”
Matching emotion regulation strategies with specific emotions in tourist experiences
Gao, J., & Zhang, Y. (2024) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights · doi:10.1108/jhti-03-2024-0261 · Cited by 10
Decoding acceptance and reappraisal strategies from resting state macro networks
Ghomroudi, P. A., Šiugždaitė, R., Messina, I., & Grecucci, A. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-68490-9 · Cited by 13
The neural correlates of emotion processing and reappraisal as reflected in EEG
Chen, J., van de Vijver, I., Canny, E., Kenemans, J. L., & Baas, J. M. P. (2024) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112467 · Cited by 11
Xu, C., Gu, Z., Yan, J., Lock, M., Chen, S., & Zhuang, Q. (2025) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s491731 · Cited by 10
A Computational Cognitive Model Integrating Different Emotion Regulation Strategies
Abro, A. H., Manzoor, A. F., Tabatabaei, S. A., & Jan Treur, A. (2015) · Procedia Computer Science · doi:10.1016/j.procs.2015.12.187 · Cited by 10
“…strategies) and the second category concerns strategies that are used when the emotional response is already coming into effect in the sense of expression or behavior after an emotion is generated (response-focused strategy) (Gross, 2002; Gross and Barrett, 2011; Gross and Thompson, 2007).”
BackgroundEmotion Regulation Compensation Following Situation Selection Failure
Vujović, L., & Urry, H. L. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-23654-2 · Cited by 11
Du, J., Xu, J., Liu, F., Huang, B., & Li, Z. (2019) · The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher · doi:10.1007/s40299-019-00452-6 · Cited by 10
“In summary, the first section of literature introduced the theoretical foundation of emotion management (Gross 1998, 2002; Pintrich 2004) and explained why we chose Pintrich’s self-regulation model as the theoretical framework in this study.”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Effect of Self-Regulation of Shame on Teenagers’ Aggression
Wang, L., & Sang, B. (2020) · Studia Psychologica · doi:10.31577/sp.2020.01.791 · Cited by 10
“tional expressions while emotionally aroused (Gross, 2002; Gross & Levenson, 1993).”
BackgroundPsychopathy Moderates the Relationship Between Nature Connectedness and Cognitive Reappraisal
Fido, D., Rees, A., Wallace, L. M., & Mantzorou, L. (2020) · Ecopsychology · doi:10.1089/eco.2019.0075 · Cited by 14
“…and associated with poorer life outcomes, the development of psychopathology, and aggressive behavior (Aldao et al., 2010; Garofalo et al., 2020; Gross, 2002; Gross & John, 2003; Gross & Mun˜oz, 1995; Jazaieri et al., 2012), accurately delineating contributors to this association is an…”
InfluentialBurr, D. A., Pizzie, R. G., & Kraemer, D. J. M. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0247246 · Cited by 13
The establishment of Chinese Emotion Regulation Word System (CERWS) and its pilot test
Yuan, J., Zhang, Y., Chen, S., Li, L., & Ru, Y. (2021) · Acta Psychologica Sinica · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1041.2021.00445 · Cited by 11
Emotion Regulation Difficulties in Military Fathers Magnify Their Benefit from a Parenting Program
Zhang, J., Zhang, N., Piehler, T. F., & Gewirtz, A. H. (2021) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-021-01287-8 · Cited by 11
“Parental emotion regulation refers to parents’ ability to monitor, evaluate, and modify their emotional expressions and reactions to meet their own goals, as well as acting appropriately in response to situational demands (Gross, 2002).”
BackgroundTeixeira, J. R. B., de Sousa, A. R., Palma, E. M. S., Moreira, W. C., Santana, T. D. S., Barreto, N. M. P. V., de Moura, M. A., Vergara-Escobar, O. J., José, O. Y. F., Pereira, G. S., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19073877 · Cited by 10
“In addition, there is evidence that men may be more vulnerable to mental health problems, such as high levels of emotional dysregulation [3,12].”
BackgroundGong, J., Luo, Y., He, Y., Zhou, L., Zhao, L., & Liu, J. (2022) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2022.02.037 · Cited by 10
Emotional Regulation Ability in Early Childhood: Role of Coparenting and Mindful Parenting
Mafaza, M., & Sarry, S. M. (2022) · Journal An-Nafs Kajian Penelitian Psikologi · doi:10.33367/psi.v7i1.2000 · Cited by 10
“Individuals can reduce, strengthen, and maintain the positive or negative emotions they experience depending on their goals and needs (Gross, 2002).”
BackgroundSmits, F., Geuze, E., de Kort, G. J., Kouwer, K., Geerlings, L., van Honk, J., & Schutter, D. J. L. G. (2022) · Neuromodulation Technology at the Neural Interface · doi:10.1016/j.neurom.2022.05.002 · Cited by 10
Attachment Orientations and Family Functioning: The Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation
Brandão, T., Brites, R., Hipólito, J., & Nunes, O. (2022) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.2022.2128284 · Cited by 14
“…emotional disengagement—characteristics of the attachment avoidance (Mikulincer & Shaver, 2012, 2019)—may contribute to reduce family members responsiveness and to disrupt family interpersonal coordination and interaction by masking social signs and cues (e.g. Richards et al., 2003; Gross, 2002).”
BackgroundFitness Dance Counteracts Female Ph.D. Candidates’ Stress by Affecting Emotion Regulation
Liu, D., Sun, F., Zhu, Y., Jia, C., Mao, Y., & Liu, B. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192214627 · Cited by 13
“Cognitive reappraisal, but not expressive suppression, is effective in reducing physiological arousal and negative emotions [62,63], and is associated with beneficial physiological and psychological outcomes [64,65].”
BackgroundRussell, C. A., Russell, D. W., & Harris, C. R. (2023) · Journal of Consumer Affairs · doi:10.1111/joca.12519 · Cited by 10
Emotion regulation in teamwork during a challenging hackathon: Comparison of best and worst teams
Kazemitabar, M., Lajoie, S. P., & Doleck, T. (2023) · Journal of Computers in Education · doi:10.1007/s40692-023-00282-y · Cited by 10
“Thus, and in order to deal with team challenges, team members need to apply effective interpersonal skills such as SSER (Gross, 2002; Järvenoja & Järvelä, 2009; Järvenoja et al., 2013; Thompson & Fine, 1999; Ujitani & Volet, 2008).”
Kumschick, I. R., Torchetti, L., Gasser, L., & Tettenborn, A. (2023) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2023.104317 · Cited by 10
Psychometric properties of persian version of escapism scale among Iranian adolescents
Nooripour, R., Ghanbari, N., Hosseinian, S., Lavie, C. J., Mozaffari, N., Sikström, S., & Hosseini, S. R. (2023) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-023-01379-w · Cited by 13
“When an activity involves prevention-self-suppression, positive self-evaluation and ruminations are temporarily blocked, but it may also negatively affect future positive experiences and affective outcomes [17, 18].”
BackgroundBanfield, J. C., & Dovidio, J. F. (2012) · Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy · doi:10.1111/j.1530-2415.2012.01285.x · Cited by 10
McFarland, L., Barlow, J., & Turner, A. (2009) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2009.03.024 · Cited by 10
“Emotions are considered to bring into play coordinated behavioural, affective, and physiological responses that impact upon responses to perceived challenges and opportunities [11].”
BackgroundHeo, J. (2014) · Korea Journal of Counseling · doi:10.15703/kjc.15.2.201404.595 · Cited by 10
Bienestar psicológico en personas con alta capacidad intelectual
Olivier, P. R., Guzmán, J. I. N., Jiménez, I. M., et al. (2016) · European Journal of Education and Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ejeps.2015.12.001 · Cited by 10
Emotion Regulation and Economic Decision-Making
Heilman, R. M., Miu, A. C., & Houser, D. E. (2016) · Studies in neuroscience, psychology and behavioral economics · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-35923-1_7 · Cited by 10
Bratec, S. M., Xie, X., Wang, Y., Schilbach, L., Zimmer, C., Wohlschläger, A. M., Riedl, V., & Sorg, C. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.12.078 · Cited by 9
“, 2011), cognitive emotion regulation (CER) represents a unique human ability of using cognitive resources in order to face aversive emotional stimuli in a flexible way (Buhle et al., 2014; Gross, 2002; Kalisch, 2009).”
BackgroundOostvogels, I., Bongers, I. L., & Willems, A. P. A. M. (2018) · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/jpm.12506 · Cited by 10
The role of individual differences in emotion regulation efficacy
Vaughan‐Johnston, T. I., Jackowich, R. A., Hudson, C. C., France, K. D., Hollenstein, T., & Jacobson, J. A. (2019) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2019.103904 · Cited by 9
Polanco-Roman, L. A., Ahmad, K., Tigershtrom, A., Jacobson, C. M., & Miranda, R. (2019) · Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology · doi:10.1037/cdp0000313 · Cited by 10
“According to Gross (2002), suppression of emotions, or a conscious inhibition of overt expressions of emotions, is a maladaptive emotion regulation strategy that requires significant cognitive resources, and there is evidence that suppression of emotions is associated with negative mental health…”
BackgroundTough but not terrific: value destruction in men’s health
McGraw, J., Russell‐Bennett, R., & White, K. M. (2019) · Journal of Service Theory and Practice · doi:10.1108/jstp-03-2019-0065 · Cited by 10
Associations Between Sleep Patterns and Performance Development Among Norwegian Chess Players
Moen, F., Olsen, M., & Hrozanova, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01855 · Cited by 10
“If the players do not have the ability to regulate their stress response and their emotions, the stress might be upheld (Gross, 2002, 2008).”
BackgroundIntrinsic and extrinsic emotion regulation strategies in relation to pathological narcissism
Barnett, M. D., Haygood, A. N., & Mollenkopf, K. K. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01757-w · Cited by 11
“Emotion regulation consists of cognitive processes that influence emotional responses and expression (Gross, 2002).”
BackgroundLin, L., Schwabe, L., Zhan, L., Wang, X., Sun, X., & Zhang, L. (2021) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105388 · Cited by 11
Qian, G., Li, R., Yang, W., Li, R., Tian, L., & Dou, G. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.729883 · Cited by 10
Seeing is believing: making wellbeing more tangible
Vella-Brodrick, D. A., Gill, A., & Patrick, K. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.809108 · Cited by 10
“For example, how we identify and interpret physiological indices has an effect on how we respond emotionally (Gross, 2002; Kanbara and Fukunaga, 2016).”
BackgroundPacitto, R., Peters, C., Iadipaolo, A. S., & Rabinak, C. A. (2022) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109222 · Cited by 10
Hood, C. D., & Carruthers, C. P. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5058-6_7 · Cited by 10
Metadata
- Authors
- Gross, J. J.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gross, James J.
- ORCID
- Gross, James J.
- Venue
- Psychophysiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2002-05
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 281-291
- ISSN
- 0048-5772 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8986
- OpenAlex
- W2128126978
- Cited by
- 4,890
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 341 · 2025: 492 · 2024: 315 · 2023: 314 · 2022: 321 · 2021: 315 · 2020: 273 · 2019: 267 · 2018: 276 · 2017: 254 · 2016: 226 · 2015: 232 · 2014: 233 · 2013: 228 · 2012: 179
- FWCI
- 5.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Psychophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH 58147)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- emotion regulation, cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression, process model of emotion regulation, emotional experience, emotional expression, memory impairment, individual differences
- MeSH terms
- Affect, Cognition, Emotions, Humans, Psychophysiology, Social Behavior
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