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Cited by 348Embodied and Extended CognitionChild and Animal Learning DevelopmentLanguage and cultural evolution

Thinking through other minds: A variational approach to cognition and culture

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Veissière, Samuel P. L., Constant, Axel, Ramstead, Maxwell J. D., Friston, Karl J., Kirmayer, Laurence J.·2020·Behavioral and Brain Sciences
DOI 10.1017/s0140525x19001213
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Abstract

The processes underwriting the acquisition of culture remain unclear. How are shared habits, norms, and expectations learned and maintained with precision and reliability across large-scale sociocultural ensembles? Is there a unifying account of the mechanisms involved in the acquisition of culture? Notions such as "shared expectations," the "selective patterning of attention and behaviour," "cultural evolution," "cultural inheritance," and "implicit learning" are the main candidates to underpin a unifying account of cognition and the acquisition of culture; however, their interactions require greater specification and clarification. In this article, we integrate these candidates using the variational (free-energy) approach to human cognition and culture in theoretical neuroscience. We describe the construction by humans of social niches that afford epistemic resources called cultural affordances. We argue that human agents learn the shared habits, norms, and expectations of their culture through immersive participation in patterned cultural practices that selectively pattern attention and behaviour. We call this process "thinking through other minds" (TTOM) - in effect, the process of inferring other agents' expectations about the world and how to behave in social context. We argue that for humans, information from and about other people's expectations constitutes the primary domain of statistical regularities that humans leverage to predict and organize behaviour. The integrative model we offer has implications that can advance theories of cognition, enculturation, adaptation, and psychopathology. Crucially, this formal (variational) treatment seeks to resolve key debates in current cognitive science, such as the distinction between internalist and externalist accounts of theory of mind abilities and the more fundamental distinction between dynamical and representational accounts of enactivism.

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  • The FEP has already been considered in the literature as a grand unifying theory (GUT) for the understanding of evolution, sentience and consciousness, as well as of human cognition and the acquisition of culture.

    “has already been considered in the literature as a grand unifying theory (GUT) ([7], pp. 5–7) for the understanding of evolution, sentience and consciousness, as well as of human cognition and the acquisition of culture [8].”

    From The Free Energy Principle: Good Science and Questionable Philosophy in a Grand Unifying Theory (2021) · cites this paper as [8]

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Veissière, S. P. L., Constant, A., Ramstead, M. J. D., Friston, K. J., & Kirmayer, L. J.
Affiliations
  • McGill University (CA)
  • The University of Sydney (AU)
  • Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (GB)
ORCID
Venue
Behavioral and Brain Sciences
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published
2019-05-30
Volume
43
Pages
e90-e90
ISSN
  • 0140-525X (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-1825
DOI
10.1017/s0140525x19001213
OpenAlex
W2947609478
Cited by
348
References
39
Citations by year
2026: 26 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 68 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 5
FWCI
25.58
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified)
Locations
  • Behavioral and Brain Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • McGill University
  • Canada First Research Excellence Fund
  • Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Embodied and Extended Cognition
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
  • Social Sciences › Cultural Studies › Language and cultural evolution
Keywords
cultural affordances, enculturation, theory of mind, free energy principle, social niche, cultural transmission, implicit learning, cultural evolution, enactivism, statistical learning, psychopathology
MeSH terms
Social Learning, Cognition, Cultural Evolution, Culture, Humans, Learning, Neurosciences, Social Behavior, Cognitive Science, Social Norms

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