Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes: Advances in Eicosanoid Biology
Abstract
Prostaglandins and leukotrienes are potent eicosanoid lipid mediators derived from phospholipase-released arachidonic acid that are involved in numerous homeostatic biological functions and inflammation. They are generated by cyclooxygenase isozymes and 5-lipoxygenase, respectively, and their biosynthesis and actions are blocked by clinically relevant nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the newer generation coxibs (selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2), and leukotriene modifiers. The prime mode of prostaglandin and leukotriene action is through specific G protein-coupled receptors, many of which have been cloned recently, thus enabling specific receptor agonist and antagonist development. Important insights into the mechanisms of inflammatory responses, pain, and fever have been gleaned from our current understanding of eicosanoid biology.
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PUFAs play an important role in cellular and tissue metabolism, including regulation of membrane fluidity, electron and oxygen transport, and thermal adaptation.
“PUFAs play an important role in cellular and tissue metabolism, including the regulation of membrane fluidity, electron and oxygen transport, as well as thermal adaptation (Funk, 2001).”
From Microalgae Metabolites: A Rich Source for Food and Medicine (2019) · cites this paper as Funk, 2001
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- Authors
- Funk, C. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Funk, Colin D.
- ORCID
- Funk, Colin D.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2001-11-30
- Volume
- 294
- Issue
- 5548
- Pages
- 1871-1875
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2007187686
- Cited by
- 3,817
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 101 · 2025: 109 · 2024: 107 · 2023: 115 · 2022: 140 · 2021: 155 · 2020: 155 · 2019: 180 · 2018: 163 · 2017: 162 · 2016: 159 · 2015: 166 · 2014: 176 · 2013: 184 · 2012: 205
- FWCI
- 12.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (2r01hl058464-04)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL053558, HL 58464, HL-53558)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM63130, R01GM063130)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Eicosanoids and Hypertension Pharmacology
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Keywords
- prostaglandins, leukotrienes, eicosanoids, arachidonic acid metabolism, cyclooxygenase, 5-lipoxygenase, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, COX-2 inhibitors, leukotriene modifiers, G protein-coupled receptors, inflammation, pain, fever
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Fever, Humans, Inflammation, Pain, Prostaglandin Antagonists, Prostaglandins, Transcription Factors, Leukotrienes, Receptors, Leukotriene, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, Leukotriene Antagonists
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