Cited by 1,088Innovative Teaching and Learning MethodsEducational Strategies and EpistemologiesVisual and Cognitive Learning Processes

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Promoting general metacognitive awareness

Schraw, Gregory·1998·Instructional Science

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1023/a:1003044231033

Cites

41 of 41 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Metacognition can be divided into two components: knowledge of cognition and regulation of cognition.

    “Hence, metacognition can be divided into two components, knowledge of cognition and regulation of cognition (Flavell, 1979; Schraw, 1998; Schraw & Moshman, 1995; Schraw & Sperling Dennison, 1994).”

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

3 of the 44 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 9

  1. Ames, C. & Archer, J. (1988). Achievement in the classroom: Student learning strategies and motivational processes. Journal of Educational Psychology: 260‐267. · DOI
  2. Astington, J.W. (1993). The Child’s Discovery of Mind. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  3. Brown, R. & Pressley, M. (1994). Self-regulated reading and getting meaning from text: The Transactional Strategies Instruction model and its ongoing validation. In D.H. Schunk & B.J. Zimmerman, eds., Self-Regulation of Learning and Performance: Issues and Educational Applications (pp. 155‐180). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  4. Garner, R. (1987). Metacognition and Reading Comprehension. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing.
  5. Glaser, R. & Chi, M.T. (1988). Overview. In M. Chi, R. Glaser & M. Farr, eds., The Nature of Expertise (pp. xv‐xxviii). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  6. Graham, S. & Weiner, B. (1996). Theories and principles of motivation. In D. Berliner & R. Calfee, eds., Handbook of Educational Psychology (pp. 63‐84). New York: MacMillian.
  7. Halpern, D.F. (1989). Thought and Knowledge: An Introduction to Critical Thinking (2nd edition). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  8. Schmuck, R.A. & Schmuck, P.A. (1992). Group Processes in the Classroom (6th edition). Debuque, IA: Wm. C. Brown Publishers.
  9. Siegler, R.S. & Jenkins, E. (1989). How Children Discover New Strategies. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

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Metadata

Authors
Schraw, G.
Affiliations
University of Nebraska–Lincoln (US)
Corresponding author
Schraw, Gregory
Venue
Instructional Science
Published
1998-03
Volume
26
Issue
1-2
Pages
113-125
ISSN
  • 0020-4277 (ISSN-L)
  • 1573-1952
OpenAlex
W4254991137
Cited by
1,088
References
44
Citations by year
2026: 122 · 2025: 102 · 2024: 97 · 2023: 82 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 81 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 62 · 2017: 50 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 44 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 23
FWCI
4.34
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Instructional Science (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Educational Strategies and Epistemologies
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes
Keywords
metacognition, metacognitive awareness, metacognitive knowledge, knowledge of cognition, metacognitive regulation, metacognition instruction, self-knowledge, student self-regulation, learning environment

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

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