Optimism is associated with mood, coping, and immune change in response to stress.
Abstract
This study explored prospectively the effects of dispositional and situational optimism on mood (N = 90) and immune changes (N = 50) among law students in their first semester of study. Optimism was associated with better mood, higher numbers of helper T cells, and higher natural killer cell cytotoxicity. Avoidance coping partially accounted for the relationship between optimism and mood. Among the immune parameters, mood partially accounted for the optimism-helper T cell relationship, and perceived stress partially accounted for the optimism-cytotoxicity relationship. Individual differences in expectancies, appraisal, and mood may be important in understanding psychological and immune responses to stress.
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Because the social-engagement system is interconnected with autonomic regulation of the heart and lungs, engaging with the patient can promote a shift in sympathovagal balance-upregulation of vagal activity and downregulation of sympathetic activity-to a mind-body state of interpersonal connectedness and physiological calm.
“Because the social-engagement system is interconnected with the autonomic regulation of the heart and lungs, the process of engaging with the patient (even in small ways through the use of gaze, tone of voice, or rhythm) can promote a concurrent shift in sympathovagal balance—upregulation of vagal activity and downregulation of sympathetic activity—to a mind-body state of interpersonal connected”
From Fear and the Defense Cascade (2015) · cites this paper as [139]
Interventions that facilitate reappraisal of threat expectancies, target imaginary rescripting of the trauma narrative, or induce optimism, compassion, hope, and expectancy may reduce arousal by downregulating the HPA axis, downregulating sympathetic activation, and modulating immune function adaptively.
“Finally, interventions that attempt to verbally facilitate reappraisal of the individual’s threat expectancies (as in cognitive therapy without the exposure component‡‡‡‡‡),172,173 that target imaginary rescripting of the trauma narrative,174 or that induce and maintain a mind state of optimism, compassion, hope, and expectancy (as in spiritual beliefs in a loving and protective Other)169,175–177”
From Fear and the Defense Cascade (2015) · cites this paper as [180]
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“or that induce and maintain a mind state of optimism, compassion, hope, and expectancy (as in spiritual beliefs in a loving and protective Other) may function to reduce arousal by downregulating the HPA axis,(178) downregulating sympathetic activation,(172) and modulating immune function to respond in more adaptive wa…”
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Preference for Risk in Investing as a Function of Trait Optimism and Gender
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The immune system and happiness
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Dispositional optimism and stress-induced changes in immunity and negative mood
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Engagement and Arousal: Optimism’s Effects During a Brief Stressor
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Optimism: An enduring resource for romantic relationships.
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Neurobiology of resilience in depression: immune and vascular insights from human and animal studies
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Optimistic Expectancies and Cell-Mediated Immunity
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Do Chronic Stressors Lead to Physiological Dysregulation? Testing the Theory of Allostatic Load
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Perceived Stress and Cellular Immunity: When Coping Counts
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Personality and the immune system: Models, methods, and mechanisms
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Differential Immune System Changes with Acute and Persistent Stress for Optimists vs Pessimists
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Clinical Applications of the Relaxation Response and Mind-Body Interventions
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The power of the positive: Leisure and well-being.
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Spirituality, well‐being, and quality of life in people with rheumatoid arthritis
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Personality, health, and aging: prolegomenon for the next generation
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THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES
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- Authors
- Segerstrom, S. C., Taylor, S. E., Kemeny, M. E., & Fahey, J. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Kentucky (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1998
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1646-1655
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W1979180489
- Cited by
- 527
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 25.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH15750, MH 00820, F31MH010841, MH10841, T32MH015750)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- optimism, dispositional optimism, mood, coping, avoidance coping, T helper cells, natural killer cells, cytotoxicity, perceived stress, law students, first-semester students, expectancy, appraisal
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Affect, Antibody Formation, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Stress, Psychological, Temperament, Los Angeles, Lymphocyte Count
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