The Single Category Implicit Association Test as a measure of implicit social cognition.

“Single-Target Implicit Association Task (ST-IAT) To measure the automatic association between the self and aggression, an adapted version of the IAT (Karpinski & Steinman, 2006) was used.”

“IAT (SC-IAT ; Karpinski & Steinman, 2006 ), the Extrinsic Affective Simon Task ( EAST ; De”

“Several techniques have been developed to provide more absolute assessments of associations (e.g. De Houwer, 2003b; Karpinski & Steinman, 2006; Nosek & Banaji, 2001).”

“To assess implicit self-esteem, we employed a single-target category self-esteem Implicit Association Test (IAT; Karpinski & Steinman, 2006), which is preferable in the case of multiple single-target assessments (Bluemke & Friese, 2008), as is the case here.”

“In a study testing this idea [7], residents of a city in northern Italy completed a Single Category Implicit Association Test (SC-IAT) [17,18] assessing implicit attitudes and self-report questionnaires assessing explicit attitudes toward the enlargement of a local U.”

“Here, we used unipolar variants of the Single Category IAT (SCIAT; Karpinski & Steinman, 2006), which includes only a single target category instead of two target categories as in the IAT.”

“The ST-IAT is a modification of the original IAT in that there is only one target category, and it has been found to be equally reliable as the IAT (Karpinski and Steinman, 2006).”

“It would be interesting to apply modified IAT paradigms such as the Single Category Implicit Association Test (SC-IAT) [42] to measure the strength of a single association between different age groups.”

“A further development could be to use single-category implicit measures, for example: the go/ no-go association task (Nosek & Banaji, 2001) or single-category IAT (Karpinski & Steinman, 2006).”

“…of the Implicit Association Test, a commonly used measure of automatic attitudes, is that it does not distinguish between pro- and anti-attitudes (De Houwer, 2002), and revised measures have been developed to allow for disentangling positive from negative attitudes (Karpinski & Steinman, 2006).”

“Six target words were used for the attitude object ‘sex offenders’ and 12 words (selected from Karpinski & Steinman, 2006) for the evaluative dimensions (see the list of target words in Appendix 3).”

“Following the procedure described in Karpinski and Steinman (2006), a reliability analysis on the SC-IAT measures from Study 2a revealed a reasonable level of internal consistency (αcorrect = .”

“…consisted of 24 practice trials followed by 72 test trials in which soda images, words in the paired attribute category, and words in the non-paired category were presented in a 7:7:10 ratio in order to balance the percentage of correct responses assigned to each key (Karpinski & Steinman, 2006).”

“The latter paradigm was operationalized with the Single Category Implicit Association Test (SC-IAT, Karpinski & Steinman, 2006), a variant of the classical Implicit Association Task (IAT, Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) in which associations with single targets like the self-concept can be…”

“In one study using a single-category Implicit Association Test (Karpinski & Steinman, 2006), for example, Mann and Gilovich (2014) found that the implicit association between money and material purchases was stronger than that between money and experiences.”

“Implicit liking was operationalised as the differential association between the attribute ‘I like it’ and pictures of food items vs. the attribute ‘I don’t like it’ and the pictures of food items for each food category, using the SC-IAT procedure described by Karpinski and Steinman (2006).”

“Implicit attitudes towards smokin Using a Single Category Implicit Association Test (SC-IAT; Karpinski & Steinman, 2006), participants’ associations with smoking were assessed.”

“As a consequence, the Single Category Implicit Association Task (SC-IAT) developed by Karpinski and Steinman (2006) was used, because it measures associations with a single category.”

“To evaluate implicit trust in government, we use a variant of the IAT, the single-target implicit association test (STIAT; Karpinski and Steinman 2006).”

“A possible solution to this issue has been provided by the Single Target-IAT (ST-IAT, as cited by Penke, Eichstaedt, & Asendorpf, 2006), the Single Category-IAT (Karpinski & Steinman, 2006) or the Single Attribute-IAT (SA-IAT, Penke et al., 2006) that use only one target category or only one attribute category.”

“Upon completing the questionnaires, participants performed a bogus Single Category Implicit Association Task (SC-IAT; Karpinski & Steinman, 2006).”

“Among those, the SC-IAT stands out among other measures because of its satisfactory psychometric properties.(5,35) It is a modification of the traditional IAT procedure and omits the complementary category.”

“Adolescents completed a Single Category Implicit Association Test (SC-IAT; Karpinski & Steinman, 2006) for alcohol use.”

“Study 1 The primary goal of the current study was to disambiguate past findings regarding attitudes toward gays and lesbians using a single category implicit attitude measure—the SC-IAT (SC-IAT; Karpinski & Steinman, 2006).”

“Implicit associations and explicit attitudes There exists a general consensus amongst social psychologists that a great deal of social cognition occurs outwith an individual’s conscious awareness or control (Greenwald 1992; Karpinski and Steinman 2006).”

“The single category black faces IAT (SC-IAT; Karpinski and Steinman, 2006) only required participants to associate either good or bad words with black faces, and thus specifically assesses implicit attitudes toward black individuals, in isolation from attitudes toward white individuals.”

“…both implicit positive attitudes toward alcohol as well as implicit negative alcohol attitudes with unipolar Single Target IATs (ST-IAT; Karpinski & Steinman, 2006; Wigboldus, Holland, & van Knippenberg, 2006) that assessed single implicit attitudes toward alcohol without a contrast…”

“In addition to the hypotheses referring to altered preferences as a consequence of mortality salience, we found that a SC-IAT (Karpinski & Steinman, 2006) predicted total chocolate consumption for participants who had thought about their own deaths, but not for control participants.”

“Presenting the SC–IAT first prevented that measure from being impacted by participant responses to the subsequent selfreports, although because measure order was uniform, responses to earlier scales could have some impact on later responses.”

“The size of the implicit effect was indicated by the D value (Dmaterialism), calculated using the method proposed by Karpinski and Steinman (2006). If Dmaterialism was positive, it represented a positive attitude toward materialism, whereas a negative Dmaterialism indicated a negative attitude toward materialism.”

“Despite the fact that the IPT is one of the most frequently used methods to assess implicit selfesteem , it would be interesting to replicate the findings with other indirect measures (e.g., IAT, Greenwald et al., 1998; SC-IAT, Karpinski & Steinman, 2006).”

“As a measure of implicit preferences, we used a single category IAT with just one target category (SC-IAT, Bluemke & Friese, 2008; Karpinski & Steinman, 2006) with the category labels pleasant, unpleasant, and chips.”

“Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test I: An improved scoring algorithm.”

“ISE may also be assessed with an assortment of other word categorization–based tasks (e.g., Karpinski & Steinman, 2006; Nosek & Banaji, 2001) or priming methodologies (e.g., Hetts et al., 1999; Spalding & Hardin, 1999).”

“Both IRTs were designed as a Single Category IAT (SC-IAT, Karpinski & Steinman, 2006), in which the category ‘Risk’ did not have a contrast category, thus defining the measure as an evaluation of risk alone and not as a comparative or relative measure of risk, as opposed to ‘Security’ or another…”

“Because there is no obvious contrast category to public speaking, the implementation involved the single category version of the IAT (Karpinski & Steinman, 2006; Wigboldus, Holland, & van Knippenberg, 2005), as well as personalization.”

“Future research may benefit from the use of single category IATs ( Karpinski and Steinman 2006 ) to parse out the individual contribution of approach and avoid associations.”

“To quantify performance on the SC-IAT, following Karpinski and Steinman (2006), we applied the d-score algorithm with a 400-ms penalty for incorrect responses to participants’ RTs.”

“Houben, Roefs, et al. (2010) tried to overcome these two problems by using two unipolar variants of the single category IAT (sc-IAT; Karpinski & Steinman, 2006).”

“Specifically, effects may emerge due to extrapersonal associations, the costs associated with task switching, or figure ground asymmetry (Karpinski & Steinman, 2006).”

“A third limitation resided in the fact that, as IAT compares people’s assessments of an outgroup with people’s assessments of an in-group (Karpinski & Steinman, 2006), it is not possible to know whether a change in observed scores corresponds to a decrease in anti-dark skin prejudice or to a…”

“This effect can be ruled out by using the single category variant of the IAT (Karpinski and Steinman 2006).”

“Therefore, we eliminated the second contrast category such that we could measure evaluative associations with a single category object, namely, sex (for more information on the validity of the single category IAT, see Bluemke & Friese, 2008; Karpinski & Steinman, 2006).”

“The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is one of the most well-established measures used to evaluate implicit attitudes (Karpinski and Steinman 2006).”

“…or ‘good’ are moved to the left side whilst stimuli representing ‘non-exercise’ or ‘bad’ stimuli are moved to the right side in test block A; whereas in test block B ‘exercise’ and ‘bad’ stimuli have to be sorted to the left side and ‘non-exercise’ and ‘good’ stimuli are sorted to the right side).”

“…(Nosek, Greenwald, & Banaji, 2007), these evaluations have been commonly measured as scores based on response times of implicit tasks such as affective priming tasks (Klauer, Musch, Musch, & Klauer, 2003) or the Single Category Implicit Association Test (SC-IAT; Karpinski & Steinman, 2006).”

“Prior to this study, we compared this procedure with the one used in Karpinski and Steinman (2006) in two studies with large samples (N’s = 2087, 1064), and found no difference in the psychometric qualities.”

“In module two, respondents’ implicit attitudes towards public institutions were measured using a single category Implicit Association Test (Karpinski and Steinman [25]).”

“Still another approach is to construct ‘single-category’ variants of the IAT, including the Single-Category IAT (Karpinski & Steinman, 2006) and the Single-Task IAT (Bluemke & Friese, 2008).”

“…Teige-Mocigemba, Gast, & Wentura, 2009), the SingleBlock IAT (SB-IAT; Teige-Mocigemba, Klauer, & Rothermund, 2008), the Single-Category IAT (SC-IAT; Karpinski & Steinman, 2006), the Single-Attribute IAT (SA-IAT; Penke, Eichstaedt, & Asendorpf, 2006), and the Brief IAT (BIAT; Sriram & Greenwald,…”

“Based on previous criticism about the use of ‘‘self’’ versus general ‘‘other’’ categories in implicit measures (e.g. Karpinski & Steinman, 2006), we used self-related stimuli in contrast to a non-defined but specific not-self category: ‘‘ME’’ (selfrelated) versus the name initials of an unknown…”

“Tested for reliability, the SC-IAT proved adequate (α = 0.71).”

“The single category implicit association test The SC-IAT measures the strength of individuals’ affective evaluative associations (positive vs. negative) with a single attitude object (Greenwald et al. 2003; Karpinski and Steinman 2006).”

“…Task (GNAT; Nosek and Banaji 2001), the single-target IAT (STIAT; Bluemke and Friese 2008), the single-attribute IAT (SA-IAT; Penke, Eichstaedt, and Asendorpf 2006), the singlecategory IAT (SC-IAT; Karpinski and Steinman 2006), or the extrinsic affective Simon task (EAST6; De Houwer 2003).”

“Variants of the IAT that assess implicit evaluations of only one category such as the Go/No-Go-Association Task (GNAT; Nosek & Banaji, 2001 ) or the Single Category IAT (SC-IAT; Karpinski & Steinmann, 2006 ; for a more thorough discussion, see, eg, Goodall, in press ) have been developed to solve this problem.”