Conceptualizing changes in behavior in intervention research: the range of possible changes model

De Los Reyes, Andres; Kazdin, Alan E.

doi:10.1037/0033-295x.113.3.554

Cited by 172Psychotherapy Techniques and ApplicationsMeta-analysis and systematic reviewsBehavioral and Psychological Studies

Conceptualizing changes in behavior in intervention research: the range of possible changes model

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De Los Reyes, Andres, Kazdin, Alan E.·2006·Psychological Review

DOI 10.1037/0033-295x.113.3.554PMC PMC3020401

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Abstract

An international movement has focused on identifying evidence-based interventions that were developed to change psychological constructs and that are supported by controlled studies. However, inconsistent findings within individual intervention studies and among multiple studies raise critical problems in interpreting the evidence, and deciding when and whether an intervention is evidence-based. A theoretical and methodological framework (Range of Possible Changes [RPC] Model) is proposed to guide the study of change in intervention research. The authors recommend that future quantitative reviews of the research literature use the RPC Model to conceptualize, examine, and classify the available evidence for interventions. Future research should adopt the RPC Model to both develop theory-driven hypotheses and conduct examinations of the instances in which interventions may or may not change psychological constructs.

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Evidence-based treatment and practice: new opportunities to bridge clinical research and practice, enhance the knowledge base, and improve patient care
Kazdin, A. E. (2008) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.63.3.146 · Cited by 1,112 · see citing works
Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Evans, S. W., Owens, J. S., & Bunford, N. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2013.850700 · Cited by 728 · see citing works
Introduction to the Special Section: More Than Measurement Error: Discovering Meaning Behind Informant Discrepancies in Clinical Assessments of Children and Adolescents
Reyes, A. D. L. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2011.533405 · Cited by 572 · see citing works
Principles Underlying the Use of Multiple Informants' Reports
Reyes, A. D. L., Thomas, S. A., Goodman, K. L., & Kundey, S. M. A. (2012) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185617 · Cited by 569 · see citing works
Testing Informant Discrepancies as Predictors of Early Adolescent Psychopathology: Why Difference Scores Cannot Tell You What You Want to Know and How Polynomial Regression May
Laird, R. D., & Reyes, A. D. L. (2012) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-012-9659-y · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Linking Informant Discrepancies to Observed Variations in Young Children’s Disruptive Behavior
Reyes, A. D. L., Henry, D. B., Tolan, P. H., & Wakschlag, L. S. (2009) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-009-9307-3 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Introduction to the Special Issue: Discrepancies in Adolescent–Parent Perceptions of the Family and Adolescent Adjustment
Reyes, A. D. L., & Ohannessian, C. M. (2016) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-016-0533-z · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Qualitative Research Methods
Kazdin, A. E. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108993647.010 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Strategic objectives for improving understanding of informant discrepancies in developmental psychopathology research
Reyes, A. D. L. (2013) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579413000096 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
The Longitudinal Consistency of Mother–Child Reporting Discrepancies of Parental Monitoring and Their Ability to Predict Child Delinquent Behaviors Two Years Later
Reyes, A. D. L., Goodman, K. L., Kliewer, W. L., & Reid-Quiñones, K. (2009) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-009-9496-7 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Pharmacological and psychosocial treatments for adolescents with ADHD: an updated systematic review of the literature
Sibley, M. H., Kuriyan, A. B., Evans, S. W., Waxmonsky, J. G., & Smith, B. H. (2014) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2014.02.001 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Discrepancies Between Adolescent and Parent Reports About Family Relationships
Reyes, A. D. L., Ohannessian, C. M., & Racz, S. J. (2018) · Child Development Perspectives · doi:10.1111/cdep.12306 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Introduction to the Special Issue. A Dozen Years of Demonstrating That Informant Discrepancies are More Than Measurement Error: Toward Guidelines for Integrating Data from Multi-Informant Assessments of Youth Mental Health
Reyes, A. D. L., & Epkins, C. C. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2022.2158843 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Depression, Anxiety, and Peer Victimization: Bidirectional Relationships and Associated Outcomes Transitioning from Childhood to Adolescence
Forbes, M. K., Fitzpatrick, S., Magson, N. R., & Rapee, R. M. (2018) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-018-0922-6 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
The Needs-to-Goals Gap: How informant discrepancies in youth mental health assessments impact service delivery
Reyes, A. D. L., Talbott, E., Power, T. J., Michel, J. J., Cook, C. R., Racz, S. J., & Fitzpatrick, O. M. (2021) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102114 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Informant discrepancies in assessments of psychosocial functioning in school-based services and research: Review and directions for future research
Reyes, A. D. L., Cook, C. R., Gresham, F. M., Makol, B. A., & Wang, M. (2019) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2019.05.005 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Whose depression relates to discrepancies? Testing relations between informant characteristics and informant discrepancies from both informants' perspectives.
Reyes, A. D. L., Goodman, K. L., Kliewer, W. L., & Reid-Quiñones, K. (2008) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.20.2.139 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Internal Consistency and Associated Characteristics of Informant Discrepancies in Clinic Referred Youths Age 11 to 17 Years
Reyes, A. D. L., Youngstrom, E. A., Pabón, S. C., Youngstrom, J. K., Feeny, N. C., & Findling, R. L. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2011.533402 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
The end of the primary outcome measure: A research agenda for constructing its replacement
Reyes, A. D. L., Kundey, S. M. A., & Wang, M. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.03.011 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Adolescent Self-Reports of Social Anxiety: Can They Disagree with Objective Psychophysiological Measures and Still Be Valid?
Reyes, A. D. L., Aldao, A., Thomas, S. A., Daruwala, S. E., Swan, A. J., Wie, M. V., Goepel, K., & Lechner, W. V. (2012) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-012-9289-2 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Informant Discrepancies in Assessing Child Dysfunction Relate to Dysfunction Within Mother-Child Interactions
Reyes, A. D. L., & Kazdin, A. E. (2006) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-006-9031-3 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Developmental Changes in Discrepancies Between Adolescents’ and Their Mothers’ Views of Family Communication
Reyes, A. D. L., Ohannessian, C. M., & Laird, R. D. (2015) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-015-0275-7 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Informant discrepancies in adult social anxiety disorder assessments: Links with contextual variations in observed behavior.
Reyes, A. D. L., Bunnell, B. E., & Beidel, D. C. (2013) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0031150 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Group Intervention to Promote Social Skills in School-age Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders: Reconsidering Efficacy
Koenig, K. M., Reyes, A. D. L., Cicchetti, D. V., Scahill, L. D., & Klin, A. (2009) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0728-1 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Introduction to the Special Issue: Toward Implementing Physiological Measures in Clinical Child and Adolescent Assessments
Reyes, A. D. L., & Aldao, A. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2014.891227 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Criterion validity of interpreting scores from multi-informant statistical interactions as measures of informant discrepancies in psychological assessments of children and adolescents.
Reyes, A. D. L., Salas, S., Menzer, M. M., & Daruwala, S. E. (2013) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0032081 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Improving Interpretability of Subjective Assessments About Psychological Phenomena: A Review and Cross-Cultural Meta-Analysis
Reyes, A. D. L., Lerner, M. D., Keeley, L. M., Weber, R. J., Drabick, D. A. G., Rabinowitz, J. A., & Goodman, K. L. (2019) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1177/1089268019837645 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
The Relations among Measurements of Informant Discrepancies within a Multisite Trial of Treatments for Childhood Social Phobia
Reyes, A. D. L., Alfano, C. A., & Beidel, D. C. (2009) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-009-9373-6 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
A Paradigm for Understanding Adolescent Social Anxiety with Unfamiliar Peers: Conceptual Foundations and Directions for Future Research
Cannon, C. J., Makol, B. A., Keeley, L. M., Qasmieh, N., Okuno, H., Racz, S. J., & Reyes, A. D. L. (2020) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-020-00314-4 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Promoting Social Skill Development in Children With Pervasive Developmental Disorders: A Feasibility and Efficacy Study
Koenig, K. M., White, S. W., Pachler, M. C., Lau, M., Lewis, M., Klin, A., & Scahill, L. D. (2010) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-010-0979-x · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Research Design in Clinical Psychology
Kazdin, A. E. (2021) · doi:10.1017/9781108993647 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
When the Evidence Says, “Yes, No, and Maybe So”
Reyes, A. D. L., & Kazdin, A. E. (2008) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00546.x · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Addressing key challenges in evidence-based practice in psychology.
Hunsley, J. D. (2007) · Professional Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/0735-7028.38.2.113 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Implementing and up-scaling evidence-based eMental health in Europe: The study protocol for the MasterMind project
Vis, C., Kleiboer, A., Prior, R., Bønes, E., Cavallo, M., Clark, S. A., Dozeman, E., Ebert, D., Etzelmueller, A., Favaretto, G., et al. (2015) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2015.10.002 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Are Clinicians' Assessments of Improvements in Children's Functioning “Global”?
Reyes, A. D. L., Alfano, C. A., & Beidel, D. C. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2011.546043 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Evaluating a training using the “four levels model”
Steensma, H., & Groeneveld, K. (2010) · Journal of Workplace Learning · doi:10.1108/13665621011053226 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Latino Family Participation in Youth Mental Health Services: Treatment Retention, Engagement, and Response
Kapke, T. L., & Gerdes, A. C. (2016) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-016-0213-2 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Evidence-based psychotherapies I: qualifiers and limitations in what we know
Kazdin, A. E. (2014) · South African Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1177/0081246314533750 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Informant Discrepancies in Clinical Reports of Youths and Interviewers' Impressions of the Reliability of Informants
Reyes, A. D. L., Youngstrom, E. A., Swan, A. J., Youngstrom, J. K., Feeny, N. C., & Findling, R. L. (2011) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2011.0011 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Disclosure and Monitoring as Predictors of Mother–Adolescent Agreement in Reports of Early Adolescent Rule-Breaking Behavior
Laird, R. D., & LaFleur, L. K. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2014.963856 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Factors Associated with Healthy and Impaired Social Functioning in Young Adolescents with ADHD
Ray, A., Evans, S. W., & Langberg, J. M. (2016) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-016-0217-x · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Introduction to the Special Section: The Research Domain Criteria’s Units of Analysis and Cross-Unit Correspondence in Youth Mental Health Research
Reyes, A. D. L., Drabick, D. A. G., Makol, B. A., & Jakubovic, R. J. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2020.1738238 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Telemental health and Web-based applications in children and adolescents
Siemer, C. P., Fogel, J., & Van Voorhees, B. W. (2011) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2010.08.012 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Informant Discrepancies in Judgments About Change During Mental Health Treatments
Marsh, J. K., Zeveney, A. S., & Reyes, A. D. L. (2020) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702619894905 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Clinically significant symptom change in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: does it correspond with reliable improvement in functioning?
Karpenko, V., Owens, J. S., Evangelista, N. M., & Dodds, C. M. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.20549 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Efficient Screening for Impairments in Peer Functioning Among Mid-to-Late Adolescents Receiving Clinical Assessments for Social Anxiety
Beale, A. M., Keeley, L. M., Okuno, H., Szollos, S., Rausch, E., Makol, B. A., Augenstein, T. M., Lipton, M. F., Racz, S. J., & Reyes, A. D. L. (2018) · Child & Youth Care Forum · doi:10.1007/s10566-018-9458-x · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Informant Reports in Clinical Assessment
Reyes, A. D. L., & Makol, B. A. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818697-8.00113-8 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
The Incredible Years Basic Parent Training for Portuguese Preschoolers with AD/HD Behaviors: Does it Make a Difference?
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Adolescent and parent experiences with a primary care/Internet-based depression prevention intervention (CATCH-IT)
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Authors: De Los Reyes, A., & Kazdin, A. E.
Affiliations: Yale University (US)
Corresponding author: Kazdin, Alan E.
ORCID: Kazdin, Alan E.
Venue: Psychological Review
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2006
Volume: 113
Issue: 3
Pages: 554-583
ISSN: 0033-295X (ISSN-L)
1939-1471
DOI: 10.1037/0033-295x.113.3.554
PMC: PMC3020401
OpenAlex: W2160205814
Cited by: 172
References: 143
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 0.88
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Psychological Review (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
University Libraries (University of Maryland) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (MH67540, MH59029)
William T. Grant Foundation (98-1872-98)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
Keywords: intervention research, evidence-based interventions, intervention effectiveness
MeSH terms: Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Child, Humans, Relaxation Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

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