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Cited by 2,170Parental Involvement in EducationEducation, Achievement, and GiftednessDiverse Education Studies and Reforms

Parental involvement in middle school: A meta-analytic assessment of the strategies that promote achievement.

Open access
Hill, Nancy E., Tyson, Diana F.·2009·Developmental Psychology
DOI 10.1037/a0015362PMC PMC2782391
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Abstract

Early adolescence is often marked by changes in school context, family relationships, and developmental processes. In the context of these changes, academic performance often declines, while at the same time the long-term implications of academic performance increase. In promoting achievement across elementary and secondary school levels, the significant role of families, family-school relations, and parental involvement in education has been highlighted. Although there is a growing body of literature focusing on parental involvement in education during middle school, this research has not been systematically examined to determine which types of involvement have the strongest relation with achievement. The authors conducted a meta-analysis on the existing research on parental involvement in middle school to determine whether and which types of parental involvement are related to achievement. Across 50 studies, parental involvement was positively associated with achievement, with the exception of parental help with homework. Involvement that reflected academic socialization had the strongest positive association with achievement. Based on the known characteristics of the developmental stage and tasks of adolescence, strategies reflecting academic socialization are most consistent with the developmental stage of early adolescence.

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  • Parental involvement is associated with increased academic achievement in middle school, with an effect size of 0.18.

    “Association between parental involvement and increased academic achievement in middle school, effect size = 0.18.”

    From Critical connections: health and academics (2015) · cites this paper as [94]

  • Students who have parents engaged in their school lives are more likely to have increased attendance, higher grades and test scores, better social skills, improved classroom behavior, and graduated high school.

    “Research has shown that students who have parents engaged in their school lives are more likely to have increased attendance, higher grades and test scores, better social skills, improved classroom behavior, and graduated high school.93–97”

    From Critical connections: health and academics (2015) · cites this paper as [94]

  • The positive effects of parental engagement on academic outcomes have been shown for elementary school, middle school, and high school students.

    “These positive effects have been shown for elementary school, middle school, and high school students.”

    From Critical connections: health and academics (2015) · cites this paper as [94]

  • Five review articles examined the association between family engagement and academic achievement.

    “Five review articles examined the association between family engagement and academic achievement.93–97”

    From Critical connections: health and academics (2015) · cites this paper as [94]

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1 of the 134 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 9

  1. Bouffard SM Hill NE Chao RK Tapping into technology: Using the Internet to promote family-school communication Families, schools, and the adolescent: Connecting research, policy, and practice 2009 147 161 Teachers College Press New York
  2. Chao RK Kanatsu A Stanoff N Padmawidjaja I Aque C Hill NE Chao RK Diversities in meaning and practice: The parental involvement of Asian immigrants Families, schools, and the adolescent: Connecting research, policy, and practice 2009 110 125 Teachers College Press New York
  3. Cooper H Cooper H The data analysis stage Synthesizing research 1998 2 104 156 Sage Publications Thousand Oaks, CA
  4. Harris A Students’ perceptions and attitudes toward parent involvement in academic homework and its relationship to academic achievement Dissertation Abstracts International 1990 51 4018 Florida State University Doctoral dissertation
  5. Hill NE Chao RK Families, schools, and the adolescent: Connecting research, policy, and practice 2009 Teachers College Press New York
  6. Hill NE Tyson DF Bromell L Hill NE Chao RK Parental involvement in middle school: Developmentally appropriate strategies across SES and ethnicity Families, schools, and the adolescent: Connecting research, policy, and practice 2009 53 72 Teachers College Press New York
  7. Hoover-Dempsey KV Ice CL Whitaker MC Hill NE Chao RK “We’re way past reading together”: Why and how parental involvement in adolescence makes sense Families, schools, and the adolescent: Connecting research, policy, and practice 2009 19 36 Teachers College Press New York
  8. Jones N Schneider B Hill NE Chao RK Rethinking the role of parenting: Promoting adolescent academic success and emotional well-being Families, schools, and the adolescent: Connecting research, policy, and practice 2009 73 90 Teachers College Press New York
  9. Keisner JW The effects of a parental homework monitoring intervention on school engagement of high risk middle school students Dissertation Abstracts International 1997 58 0980 University of Oregon Doctoral dissertation 1997

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Authors
Hill, N. E., & Tyson, D. F.
Affiliations
Duke University (US)
ORCID
Hill, Nancy E.
Venue
Developmental Psychology
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
2009
Volume
45
Issue
3
Pages
740-763
ISSN
  • 0012-1649 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-0599
DOI
10.1037/a0015362
PMC
PMC2782391
OpenAlex
W2126141278
Cited by
2,170
References
134
Citations by year
2026: 140 · 2025: 184 · 2024: 151 · 2023: 149 · 2022: 141 · 2021: 152 · 2020: 197 · 2019: 166 · 2018: 179 · 2017: 120 · 2016: 140 · 2015: 128 · 2014: 94 · 2013: 102 · 2012: 61
FWCI
177.03
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Developmental Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse
  • Duke University
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Education › Parental Involvement in Education
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
  • Social Sciences › Education › Diverse Education Studies and Reforms
Keywords
parental involvement, junior high school, academic performance, early adolescence, academic socialization, school-family relations, homework help, adolescent development
MeSH terms
Achievement, Adolescent, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Education, Female, Humans, Learning, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Schools, Social Environment, Socialization, Parenting

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