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Cited by 88Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychological Treatments and Assessments

Depression and Anxiety Prevention Based on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for At-Risk Adolescents: A Meta-Analytic Review

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Rasing, Sanne P. A., Creemers, Daan H. M., Janssens, Jan M. A. M., Scholte, Ron H. J.·2017·Frontiers in Psychology
DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01066PMC PMC5487592
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Abstract

Depression and anxiety disorders are among the most common mental disorders during adolescence. During this life phase, the incidence of these clinical disorders rises dramatically, and even more adolescents suffer from symptoms of depression or anxiety that are just below the clinical threshold. Both clinical and subclinical levels of depression or anxiety symptoms are related to decreased functioning in various areas, such as social and academic functioning. Prevention of depression and anxiety in adolescents is therefore imperative. We conducted a meta-analytic review of the effects of school-based and community-based prevention programs that are based on cognitive behavioral therapy with the primary goal preventing depression, anxiety, or both in high risk adolescents. Articles were obtained by searching databases and hand searching reference lists of relevant articles and reviews. The selection process yielded 32 articles in the meta-analyses. One article reported on two studies and three articles reported on both depression and anxiety. This resulted in a total of 36 studies, 23 on depression and 13 on anxiety. For depression prevention aimed at high risk adolescents, meta-analysis showed a small effect of prevention programs directly after the intervention, but no effect at 3-6 months and at 12 months follow-up. For anxiety prevention aimed at high risk adolescents, no short-term effect was found, nor at 12 months follow-up. Three to six months after the preventive intervention, symptoms of anxiety were significantly decreased. Although effects on depression and anxiety symptoms were small and temporary, current findings cautiously suggest that depression and anxiety prevention programs based on CBT might have small effects on mental health of adolescents. However, it also indicates that there is still much to be gained for prevention programs. Current findings and possibilities for future research are discussed in order to further improve the effectiveness of targeted prevention on internalizing disorders.

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Crossref · 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01066

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  • Booster sessions may have reduced the likelihood of the onset of clinical disorders in both conditions.

    “Another explanation is that booster sessions may have reduced the likelihood of the onset of clinical disorders in both conditions, as authors have argued that booster sessions could maintain the effects of interventions over time (Rasing et al., 2017;Stockings et al., 2016).”

    From Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic indicated preventive intervention for adolescents at high risk for anxiety and depressive disorders (2024) · cites this paper as Rasing et al., 2017

    The Discussion (page not supplied) argues that booster sessions may help sustain prevention effects, noting that without them a program’s effectiveness might diminish over time. It discusses relapse of depressive symptoms, not whether boosters reduced the onset of clinical disorders in both conditions. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The booster session contributed to maintaining long-term effects.

    “Indeed, the booster session contributed to maintaining longterm effects, highlighting the relevant role of the booster session for the transdiagnostic treatment in the maintenance of effects over time, which is consistent with reports from other studies (Loevaas et al., 2020;Rasing et al., 2017;Stockings et al., 2016).”

    From Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic indicated preventive intervention for adolescents at high risk for anxiety and depressive disorders (2024) · cites this paper as Rasing et al., 2017

    The Discussion says booster sessions reduce the likelihood of depressive-symptom relapse and suggests that their absence might explain why prevention effects did not persist. It does not establish that a booster session maintained long-term effects in the transdiagnostic treatment described by the citing sentence. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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  • After the interventions, 5.6% of adolescents who enrolled in the PROCARE-I condition developed a full anxiety or mood disorder.

    “After the interventions, only 5.6% of adolescents who enrolled in the PROCARE-I condition developed a full anxiety or mood disorder, consistent with studies suggesting that indicated preventive interventions can contribute to the prevention of the development of a clinical disorder (Rasing et al., 2017).”

    From Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic indicated preventive intervention for adolescents at high risk for anxiety and depressive disorders (2024) · cites this paper as Rasing et al., 2017

    The citation supports the sentence’s general point, not the 5.6% PROCARE-I figure, which the citing authors present as their own result. Rasing et al.’s Background describes indicated prevention for adolescents with subclinical symptoms and says targeted programs have shown promising results. Its Results > Outcome reports changes in symptom scores, however, not whether the interventions prevented the onset of a clinical disorder. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Most studies of indicated prevention have found relatively small or modest short-term effects, with many findings dissipating over the long term, suggesting a need for booster sessions.

    “However, most of the studies have found relatively small or modest effects in the short term, with many findings dissipating over the long term, which suggests the need for booster sessions to maintain the effects of such indicated programs over time (Rasing et al., 2017;Stockings et al., 2016).”

    From Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic indicated preventive intervention for adolescents at high risk for anxiety and depressive disorders (2024) · cites this paper as Rasing et al., 2017

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Authors
Rasing, S. P. A., Creemers, D. H. M., Janssens, J. M. A. M., & Scholte, R. H. J.
Affiliations
Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
Corresponding author
Rasing, Sanne P. A.
ORCID
Venue
Frontiers in Psychology
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2017-06-28
Volume
8
Pages
1066-1066
ISSN
1664-1078 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01066
PMC
PMC5487592
OpenAlex
W2621695237
Cited by
88
References
92
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 1
FWCI
8.46
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Frontiers in Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
  • Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
ZonMw (159010001)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
Keywords
depression prevention, anxiety prevention, cognitive behavioral therapy, at-risk youth, school-based prevention, community-based prevention programs, internalizing disorders, adolescent mental health, subclinical symptoms

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