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The representation of abstract words: Why emotion matters.
Abstract
Although much is known about the representation and processing of concrete concepts, knowledge of what abstract semantics might be is severely limited. In this article we first address the adequacy of the 2 dominant accounts (dual coding theory and the context availability model) put forward in order to explain representation and processing differences between concrete and abstract words. We find that neither proposal can account for experimental findings and that this is, at least partly, because abstract words are considered to be unrelated to experiential information in both of these accounts. We then address a particular type of experiential information, emotional content, and demonstrate that it plays a crucial role in the processing and representation of abstract concepts: Statistically, abstract words are more emotionally valenced than are concrete words, and this accounts for a residual latency advantage for abstract words, when variables such as imageability (a construct derived from dual coding theory) and rated context availability are held constant. We conclude with a discussion of our novel hypothesis for embodied abstract semantics.
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Visual motion interferes with lexical decision on motion words
Meteyard, L., Zokaei, N., Bahrami, B., & Vigliocco, G. (2008) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.07.016 · Cited by 96
Self-citationThe effects of word length and emotionality on hemispheric contribution to lexical decision
Eviatar, Z., & Eran Zaidel, B. (1991) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(91)90028-7 · Cited by 95
Modality, concreteness, and set-size effects in a free reconstruction of order task
Neath, I. (1997) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03201116 · Cited by 76
Challis, B. H., & Krane, R. V. (1988) · Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society · doi:10.3758/bf03337666 · Cited by 66
Impaired Conscious Recognition of Negative Facial Expressions in Patients with Locked-in Syndrome
Pistoia, F., Conson, M., Trojano, L., Grossi, D., Ponari, M., Colonnese, C., Pistoia, M. L., Carducci, F., & Sarà, M. (2010) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.6300-09.2010 · Cited by 60
The Hidden Markov Topic Model: A Probabilistic Model of Semantic Representation
Andrews, M. W., & Vigliocco, G. (2010) · Topics in Cognitive Science · doi:10.1111/j.1756-8765.2009.01074.x · Cited by 52
Self-citationSpacetime and the abstract/concrete distinction
Hale, S. C. (1988) · Philosophical Studies · doi:10.1007/bf00355677 · Cited by 51
The Role of Sensory and Motor Information in Semantic Representation
Meteyard, L., & Vigliocco, G. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-046616-3.00015-3 · Cited by 51
Self-citationHowell, J. R., & Bryden, M. P. (1987) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(87)90077-7 · Cited by 49
van Schie, H. T., Wijers, A. A., Mars, R. B., Benjamins, J. S., & Stowe, L. A. (2005) · Cognitive Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/02643290442000338 · Cited by 47
Common and Contrasting Areas of Activation for Abstract and Concrete Concepts: An H2 15O PET Study
Whatmough, C. E., Verret, L., Fung, D., & Chertkow, H. M. (2004) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/0898929041920540 · Cited by 46
Expressions of emotion as mediated by context
Altarriba, J. (2008) · Bilingualism Language and Cognition · doi:10.1017/s1366728908003295 · Cited by 39
Dual coding versus relational processing in memory for concrete and abstract words
Richardson, J. T. E. (2003) · The European Journal of Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1080/09541440244000256 · Cited by 37
ter Doest, L., & Semin, G. R. (2005) · The European Journal of Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1080/09541440540000031 · Cited by 33
Wilson, K. D., & Farah, M. J. (2006) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p5571 · Cited by 20
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Norms of valence, arousal, and dominance for 13,915 English lemmas
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Concreteness ratings for 40 thousand generally known English word lemmas
Brysbaert, M., Warriner, A. B., & Kuperman, V. (2014) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-013-0403-5 · Cited by 1,821
How neurons make meaning: brain mechanisms for embodied and abstract-symbolic semantics
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Toward a brain-based componential semantic representation
Binder, J. R., Conant, L. L., Humphries, C. J., Fernandino, L., Simons, S. B., Aguilar, M., & Desai, R. H. (2016) · Cognitive Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/02643294.2016.1147426 · Cited by 367
Words as social tools: language, sociality and inner grounding in abstract concepts
Borghi, A. M., Barca, L., Binkofski, F., Castelfranchi, C., Pezzulo, G., & Tummolini, L. (2019) · Physics of Life Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2018.12.001 · Cited by 253
Metadata
- Authors
- Kousta, S.-T., Vigliocco, G., Vinson, D. P., Andrews, M., & Del Campo, E.
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
- Published
- 2011
- Volume
- 140
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 14-34
- ISSN
- 0096-3445 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2222
- OpenAlex
- W1969138120
- Cited by
- 894
- References
- 143
- FWCI
- 11.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.