The functional performance of the Argus II retinal prosthesis
Open accessAbstract
Visual prostheses are devices to treat profound vision loss by stimulating nerve cells anywhere along the visual pathway, typically with electrical pulses. The Argus II implant, developed by Second Sight Medical Products (SSMP, Sylmar, CA, USA), targets the retina and features 60 electrodes that electrically stimulate the surviving retinal neurons. Of the approximately 20 research groups that are actively developing visual prostheses, SSMP has the longest track record. The Argus II was the first visual prosthesis to become commercially available: it received the European conformity mark in 2011 and FDA approval was granted in early 2013 for humanitarian use in the USA. Meanwhile, the Argus II safety/benefit study has been extended for research purposes, and is still ongoing. In this review, we will discuss the performance of the Argus II in restoring sight to the blind, and we will shed light on its expected developments in the coming years.
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Phosphene fading affects retinal prostheses and makes continuous perception above flicker fusion nearly impossible.
“which affects retinal prostheses and makes continuous perception above flicker fusion nearly impossible.”
From Advances in visual prostheses: engineering and biological challenges (2022) · cites this paper as [149]
Phosphene fading is a significant limitation in artificial vision.
“A significant limitation in artificial vision is phosphene fading [148][149][150]”
From Advances in visual prostheses: engineering and biological challenges (2022) · cites this paper as [149]
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- Authors
- Stronks, H. C., & Dagnelie, G.
- Affiliations
- Australian National University (AU)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Stronks, H Christiaan
- Venue
- Expert Review of Medical Devices
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2013-11-22
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 23-30
- ISSN
- 1743-4440 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-2422
- PMC
- PMC3926652
- OpenAlex
- W2027547973
- Cited by
- 189
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 5.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Expert Review of Medical Devices (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Johns Hopkins University
- National Eye Institute (R01EY021220, R21EY019991)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Keywords
- Argus II, retinal prosthesis, visual prosthesis, retinal stimulation, blindness, vision restoration, electrode arrays, FDA approval
- MeSH terms
- Blindness, Electric Stimulation, Electrodes, Implanted, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Retina, Visual Acuity, Visual Prosthesis
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