Cited by 170Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stressBioactive Compounds and Antitumor AgentsPharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism

Identification of Ketoconazole as an AhR-Nrf2 Activator in Cultured Human Keratinocytes: The Basis of Its Anti-Inflammatory Effect

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Tsuji, Gaku, Takahara, Masakazu, Uchi, Hiroshi, Matsuda, Tetsuo, Chiba, Takahito, Takeuchi, Satoshi, Yasukawa, Fumiko, Moroi, Yoichi +1 more·2012·Journal of Investigative Dermatology

Abstract

Ketoconazole (KCZ) has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory effects in addition to its inhibitory effects against fungi; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a receptor that is activated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons such as dioxin, is a sensor of the redox system against oxidative stress and regulates nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), a master switch of the redox machinery. To clarify whether KCZ modulates AhR-Nrf2 function leading to redox system activation, cultured human keratinocytes were treated with KCZ. Confocal microscopic analysis revealed that KCZ induced AhR nuclear translocation, resulting in the upregulation of CYP1A1 mRNA and protein expression. Furthermore, KCZ actively switched on Nrf2 nuclear translocation and quinone oxidoreductase 1 expression. Tumor necrosis factor-α- and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)-induced reactive oxidative species (ROS) and IL-8 production were effectively inhibited by KCZ. Knockdown of either AhR or Nrf2 abolished the inhibitory capacity of KCZ on ROS and IL-8 production. In addition, KCZ-induced Nrf2 activation was canceled by AhR knockdown. Moreover, KCZ inhibited BaP-induced 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and IL-8 production. In conclusion, the engagement of AhR by KCZ exhibits the cytoprotective effect mediated by the Nrf2 redox system, which potently downregulates either cytokine-induced (AhR-independent) or PAH-induced (AhR-dependent) oxidative stress.

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Crossref · 10.1038/jid.2011.194

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  • Activation of the AHR/NRF2 pathway by ketoconazole shows cytoprotective effects and inhibition of TNF-α-induced production of ROS.

    “Additionally, activation of the AHR/NRF2 pathway by ketoconazole showed cytoprotective effects and inhibition of TNF-α–induced production of ROS (55).”

    From Particulate matter causes skin barrier dysfunction. (2021) · cites this paper as [55]

  • Antioxidant phytochemicals activate and induce cytoplasmic-to-nuclear translocation of NRF2, a master transcription factor for gene expression of antioxidant enzymes such as NQO1 and HO1 in keratinocytes.

    “In general, antioxidant phytochemicals activate and induce the cytoplasmic-to-nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (NRF2), which is a master transcription factor for gene expression of antioxidant enzymes such as NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO1) in keratinocytes [19,20].”
  • AHR-targeting antioxidant phytochemicals or antioxidant medicinal chemicals do not generate appreciable amounts of reactive oxygen species, probably due to efficient induction of antioxidant enzymes mediated by NRF2 activation.

    “Notably, the AHR-targeting antioxidant phytochemicals or antioxidant medicinal chemicals do not generate appreciable amounts of reactive oxygen species probably due to efficient induction of antioxidant enzymes mediated by NRF2 activation [19,20,21,27].”

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Authors
Tsuji, G., Takahara, M., Uchi, H., Matsuda, T., Chiba, T., Takeuchi, S., Yasukawa, F., Moroi, Y., & Furue, M.
Affiliations
Kyushu University (JP)
Corresponding author
Tsuji, Gaku
Venue
Journal of Investigative Dermatology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2012-01
Volume
132
Issue
1
Pages
59-68
ISSN
0022-202X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2006749681
Cited by
169
References
42
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 5
FWCI
3.37
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Investigative Dermatology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
  • Ministry of the Environment, Government of Japan
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Bioactive Compounds and Antitumor Agents
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
Keywords
ketoconazole, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, Nrf2, keratinocytes, anti-inflammatory activity, oxidative stress, benzo[a]pyrene, reactive oxygen species, interleukin-8, CYP1A1, quinone oxidoreductase 1, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, redox systems, cytoprotection
MeSH terms
Resveratrol, Terbinafine, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Antifungal Agents, Antioxidants, Benzo(a)pyrene, Cell Survival, Cells, Cultured, Humans, Ketoconazole, Naphthalenes, Oxidation-Reduction, Stilbenes, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Signal Transduction, Keratinocytes, Interleukin-8, Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon, Oxidative Stress, NF-E2-Related Factor 2

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