Cited by 314Autophagy in Disease and TherapyCancer Immunotherapy and BiomarkersImmunotherapy and Immune Responses

Activating autophagy to potentiate immunogenic chemotherapy and radiation therapy

Galluzzi, Lorenzo, Bravo-San Pedro, José Manuel, Demaria, Sandra, Formenti, Silvia Chiara, Kroemer, Guido·2017·Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology

Abstract

Autophagy is fundamental to the maintenance of intracellular homeostasis in virtually all human cells. Accordingly, defective autophagy predisposes healthy cells to undergoing malignant transformation. By contrast, malignant cells are able to harness autophagy to thrive, despite adverse microenvironmental conditions, and to resist therapeutic challenges. Thus, inhibition of autophagy has been proposed as a strategy to kill cancer cells or sensitize them to therapy; however, autophagy is also critical for optimal immune function, and mediates cell-extrinsic homeostatic effects owing to its central role in danger signalling by neoplastic cells responding to immunogenic chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. In this Perspective, we discuss accumulating preclinical and clinical evidence in support of the all-too-often dismissed possibility that activating autophagy might be a relevant clinical objective that enables an increase in the effectiveness of immunogenic chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/nrclinonc.2016.183

Cites

125 of 125 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • ICD can be initiated by viral infection, some FDA-approved chemotherapeutics (e.g., anthracyclines, bortezomib), specific forms of radiation therapy, and hypericin-based photodynamic therapy.

    “ICD can be initiated by a relatively restricted set of stimuli, including viral infection, some FDA-approved chemotherapeutics (e.g., anthracyclines, bortezomib), specific forms of radiation therapy, and hypericin-based photodynamic therapy [854–861].”

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 126 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Galluzzi, L., Bravo-San Pedro, J. M., Demaria, S., Formenti, S. C., & Kroemer, G.
Affiliations
  • Inserm (FR)
  • Weill Cornell Medicine (US)
  • Karolinska University Hospital (SE)
Corresponding author
Galluzzi, Lorenzo
Venue
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology
Published
2016-11-15
Volume
14
Issue
4
Pages
247-258
ISSN
  • 1759-4774 (ISSN-L)
  • 1759-4782
OpenAlex
W2549172728
Cited by
314
References
126
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1
FWCI
5.34
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Cancer Institute (R01CA198533, R01CA161891, R01CA201246)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Keywords
autophagy, autophagy activation, immunogenic chemotherapy, radiotherapy, cancer immunotherapy, antitumor immunity, autophagy inhibition, tumor microenvironment, tumor immunosuppression
MeSH terms
Autophagy, Clinical Trials as Topic, Forecasting, Humans, Immunotherapy, Neoplasms, Tumor Microenvironment

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review