Activating autophagy to potentiate immunogenic chemotherapy and radiation therapy
Abstract
Autophagy is fundamental to the maintenance of intracellular homeostasis in virtually all human cells. Accordingly, defective autophagy predisposes healthy cells to undergoing malignant transformation. By contrast, malignant cells are able to harness autophagy to thrive, despite adverse microenvironmental conditions, and to resist therapeutic challenges. Thus, inhibition of autophagy has been proposed as a strategy to kill cancer cells or sensitize them to therapy; however, autophagy is also critical for optimal immune function, and mediates cell-extrinsic homeostatic effects owing to its central role in danger signalling by neoplastic cells responding to immunogenic chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. In this Perspective, we discuss accumulating preclinical and clinical evidence in support of the all-too-often dismissed possibility that activating autophagy might be a relevant clinical objective that enables an increase in the effectiveness of immunogenic chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy.
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ICD can be initiated by viral infection, some FDA-approved chemotherapeutics (e.g., anthracyclines, bortezomib), specific forms of radiation therapy, and hypericin-based photodynamic therapy.
“ICD can be initiated by a relatively restricted set of stimuli, including viral infection, some FDA-approved chemotherapeutics (e.g., anthracyclines, bortezomib), specific forms of radiation therapy, and hypericin-based photodynamic therapy [854–861].”
From Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the nomenclature committee on cell death 2018. (2018) · cites this paper as [856]
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The autophagic network and cancer
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WNT Signaling in Cancer Immunosurveillance
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Self-citationTrial watch: chemotherapy-induced immunogenic cell death in immuno-oncology
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Autophagy in stem cells: repair, remodelling and metabolic reprogramming
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Autophagy and intermittent fasting: the connection for cancer therapy?
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Self-citationRadiotherapy orchestrates natural killer cell dependent antitumor immune responses through CXCL8
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Recent Insights into the Mitochondrial Role in Autophagy and Its Regulation by Oxidative Stress
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Self-citationTargeting autophagy in cancer stem cells as an anticancer therapy
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Autophagy and Hallmarks of Cancer
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- Authors
- Galluzzi, L., Bravo-San Pedro, J. M., Demaria, S., Formenti, S. C., & Kroemer, G.
- Affiliations
- Inserm (FR)
- Weill Cornell Medicine (US)
- Karolinska University Hospital (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Galluzzi, Lorenzo
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology
- Published
- 2016-11-15
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 247-258
- ISSN
- 1759-4774 (ISSN-L)
- 1759-4782
- OpenAlex
- W2549172728
- Cited by
- 314
- References
- 126
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 5.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA198533, R01CA161891, R01CA201246)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Keywords
- autophagy, autophagy activation, immunogenic chemotherapy, radiotherapy, cancer immunotherapy, antitumor immunity, autophagy inhibition, tumor microenvironment, tumor immunosuppression
- MeSH terms
- Autophagy, Clinical Trials as Topic, Forecasting, Humans, Immunotherapy, Neoplasms, Tumor Microenvironment
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