Voltage-dependent anion channels are dispensable for mitochondrial-dependent cell death
Open accessAbstract
Mitochondria are critically involved in necrotic cell death induced by Ca(2+) overload, hypoxia and oxidative damage. The mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore - a protein complex that spans both the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes - is considered the mediator of this event and has been hypothesized to minimally consist of the voltage-dependent anion channel (Vdac) in the outer membrane, the adenine-nucleotide translocase (Ant) in the inner membrane and cyclophilin-D in the matrix. Here, we report the effects of deletion of the three mammalian Vdac genes on mitochondrial-dependent cell death. Mitochondria from Vdac1-, Vdac3-, and Vdac1-Vdac3-null mice exhibited a Ca(2+)- and oxidative stress-induced MPT that was indistinguishable from wild-type mitochondria. Similarly, Ca(2+)- and oxidative-stress-induced MPT and cell death was unaltered, or even exacerbated, in fibroblasts lacking Vdac1, Vdac2, Vdac3, Vdac1-Vdac3 and Vdac1-Vdac2-Vdac3. Wild-type and Vdac-deficient mitochondria and cells also exhibited equivalent cytochrome c release, caspase cleavage and cell death in response to the pro-death Bcl-2 family members Bax and Bid. These results indicate that Vdacs are dispensable for both MPT and Bcl-2 family member-driven cell death.
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Mice null for Vdac1 and Vdac3 are viable and display little overt phenotypic changes, whereas on that murine genetic background Vdac2−/− mice were embryonically lethal.
“Interestingly, mice null for Vdac1 and Vdac3 are viable and display little overt phenotypical changes; however, on this particular murine genetic background, Vdac2−/− mice were embryonically lethal (99, 100).”
From Adrenal Mitochondria and Steroidogenesis: From Individual Proteins to Functional Protein Assemblies (2016) · cites this paper as [100]
Concurrent knockout or knockdown of Slc25a4 and Slc25a5 (ANT1 and ANT2) or Vdac1, Vdac2, Vdac3 fails to prevent induction of MPT by oxidative stress or Ca2+ overload.
“In particular, the concurrent knockout or knockdown of Slc25a4 and Slc25a5, which encode ANT1 and ANT2, respectively [390], or that of Vdac1, Vdac2, and Vdac3 [391, 392] fails to prevent the induction of MPT by oxidative stress or Ca2+ overload.”
From Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the nomenclature committee on cell death 2018. (2018) · cites this paper as [391]
Absence of all known subtypes of VDAC does not impair MPT pore formation.
“Similarly, absence of all known subtypes of VDAC does not impair MPT pore formation (26).”
From Redox regulation of mitochondrial function (2012) · cites this paper as [26]
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Retracted
- Authors
- Baines, C. P., Kaiser, R. A., Sheiko, T., Craigen, W. J., & Molkentin, J. D.
- Affiliations
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (US)
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Molkentin, Jeffery D.
- Venue
- Nature Cell Biology
- Published
- 2007-04-08
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 550-555
- ISSN
- 1465-7392 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4679
- PMC
- PMC2680246
- OpenAlex
- W2057257618
- Cited by
- 971
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 62 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 49 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 63 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 61
- FWCI
- 36.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Cell Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Institutes of Health (5p50hl077101-05)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P50-HL-077101, R01HL081104, P01HL069779, R01HL060562, R37HL060562, R01HL062927)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Cardiac Ischemia and Reperfusion
- Keywords
- voltage-dependent anion channel, mitochondrial permeability transition pore, necrosis, VDAC1, VDAC2, VDAC3, adenine nucleotide translocase, cyclophilin D, calcium overload, oxidative stress, Bax, Bid, Bcl-2 family proteins, cytochrome c release, caspase activation, mitochondrial outer membrane
- MeSH terms
- Peptidyl-Prolyl Isomerase F, Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore, Mitochondrial ADP, ATP Translocases, Animals, Calcium, Cell Membrane Permeability, Cells, Cultured, Mitochondria, Heart, Mitochondria, Liver, Mitochondrial Swelling, Time Factors, Transfection, Cell Death, Apoptosis, Mice, Knockout, Oxidative Stress, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2, Caspases, Cyclophilins, Mitochondrial Proteins, Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins, RNA Interference, RNA, Small Interfering, Cytochromes c, Voltage-Dependent Anion Channels, Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 1, Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 2, Mitochondrial Membranes, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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