Cited by 1,245Autophagy in Disease and TherapyMitochondrial Function and PathologyGenetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms

Mitochondria and the Autophagy–Inflammation–Cell Death Axis in Organismal Aging

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Green, Douglas R., Galluzzi, Lorenzo, Kroemer, Guido·2011·Science

Abstract

Alterations of mitochondrial functions are linked to multiple degenerative or acute diseases. As mitochondria age in our cells, they become progressively inefficient and potentially toxic, and acute damage can trigger the permeabilization of mitochondrial membranes to initiate apoptosis or necrosis. Moreover, mitochondria have an important role in pro-inflammatory signaling. Autophagic turnover of cellular constituents, be it general or specific for mitochondria (mitophagy), eliminates dysfunctional or damaged mitochondria, thus counteracting degeneration, dampening inflammation, and preventing unwarranted cell loss. Decreased expression of genes that regulate autophagy or mitophagy can cause degenerative diseases in which deficient quality control results in inflammation and the death of cell populations. Thus, a combination of mitochondrial dysfunction and insufficient autophagy may contribute to multiple aging-associated pathologies.

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  • Primary lysosomal dysfunction may impair mitophagic responses, negatively affecting the mitochondrial network.

    “Moreover, primary lysosomal dysfunction may negatively affect the mitochondrial network as a consequence of impaired mitophagic responses (which normally target damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria to lysosomes for degradation) [779, 780].”
  • Insufficient mitophagy and autophagy contribute to the accumulation of mutant mtDNA and are a factor in aging and age-related diseases.

    “As with the fission and fusion processes, insufficient mitophagy and autophagy contribute to the accumulation of mutant mtDNA and are a factor in aging and age-related diseases (Gaziev et al., 2014; Green et al., 2011; Hubbard et al., 2012; Rubinsztein et al., 2011).”

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. [23]Tanaka A, et al. J Cell Biol. 2011 Dec 27;191:1367–1380. [[Google Scholar](https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?journal=J%20Cell%20Biol&author=A%20Tanaka&volume=191&publication_year=2011&pages=1367-1380&)]
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Authors
Green, D. R., Galluzzi, L., & Kroemer, G.
Affiliations
  • St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (US)
  • Université Paris-Sud (FR)
  • Inserm (FR)
Corresponding author
  • Green, Douglas R.
  • Kroemer, Guido
Venue
Science
Published
2011-08-26
Volume
333
Issue
6046
Pages
1109-1112
ISSN
  • 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
  • 1095-9203
OpenAlex
W1976391651
Cited by
1,245
References
138
Citations by year
2026: 55 · 2025: 83 · 2024: 86 · 2023: 85 · 2022: 111 · 2021: 100 · 2020: 91 · 2019: 73 · 2018: 71 · 2017: 83 · 2016: 70 · 2015: 89 · 2014: 67 · 2013: 77 · 2012: 90
FWCI
9.23
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM096208, R37GM052735)
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI040646, R01AI047891)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
Keywords
mitochondria, aging, autophagy, mitophagy, inflammation, cell death, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, necrosis, mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, degenerative diseases
MeSH terms
Aging, Animals, Autophagy, Humans, Inflammation, Mitochondria, Necrosis, Cellular Senescence, Cell Death, Apoptosis, Neurodegenerative Diseases

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