Printing three-dimensional tissue analogues with decellularized extracellular matrix bioink
Open accessAbstract
The ability to print and pattern all the components that make up a tissue (cells and matrix materials) in three dimensions to generate structures similar to tissues is an exciting prospect of bioprinting. However, the majority of the matrix materials used so far for bioprinting cannot represent the complexity of natural extracellular matrix (ECM) and thus are unable to reconstitute the intrinsic cellular morphologies and functions. Here, we develop a method for the bioprinting of cell-laden constructs with novel decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) bioink capable of providing an optimized microenvironment conducive to the growth of three-dimensional structured tissue. We show the versatility and flexibility of the developed bioprinting process using tissue-specific dECM bioinks, including adipose, cartilage and heart tissues, capable of providing crucial cues for cells engraftment, survival and long-term function. We achieve high cell viability and functionality of the printed dECM structures using our bioprinting method. The application of 3D printing to biomaterials presents interesting possibilities for tissue engineering. Here, the authors show that a printing medium derived from an extracellular matrix can be applied to printing tissue analogues with enhanced cell compatibility.
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dECM-based bioinks frequently suffer from low viscosity due to ECM protein loss during decellularization, impeding bioprinting performance.
“dECM‐based bioinks, mimicking tissue‐specific microenvironments, are more effective than homogeneous bioinks but frequently suffer from low viscosity due to ECM protein loss during decellularization, impeding bioprinting performance.[ 98 ]”
From Bioactive scaffolds for tissue engineering: A review of decellularized extracellular matrix applications and innovations (2025) · cites this paper as [98]
The Results (Preparation of dECM bioink; page unavailable) report significant collagen and glycosaminoglycan loss after decellularization of cartilage, but not comparable loss in heart tissue. The Results (Characterization of dECM bioink; page unavailable) measure viscosity without linking it to that loss, and the Discussion says the authors achieved adequate viscosity for printing. The source therefore supports tissue-specific ECM loss and the bioinks’ tissue-specific purpose, but not the claim that dECM bioinks frequently have low viscosity because of protein loss or that this impeded printing. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measureddECM-based bioinks are more effective than homogeneous bioinks.
“dECM‐based bioinks, mimicking tissue‐specific microenvironments, are more effective than homogeneous bioinks but frequently suffer from low viscosity due to ECM protein loss during decellularization, impeding bioprinting performance.[ 98 ]”
From Bioactive scaffolds for tissue engineering: A review of decellularized extracellular matrix applications and innovations (2025) · cites this paper as [98]
dECM-based bioinks mimic tissue-specific microenvironments.
“dECM‐based bioinks, mimicking tissue‐specific microenvironments, are more effective than homogeneous bioinks but frequently suffer from low viscosity due to ECM protein loss during decellularization, impeding bioprinting performance.[ 98 ]”
From Bioactive scaffolds for tissue engineering: A review of decellularized extracellular matrix applications and innovations (2025) · cites this paper as [98]
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- Authors
- Pati, F., Jang, J., Ha, D.-H., Won Kim, S., Rhie, J.-W., Shim, J.-H., Kim, D.-H., & Cho, D.-W.
- Affiliations
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (KR)
- Catholic University of Korea (KR)
- Tech University of Korea (KR)
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cho, Dong-Woo
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2014-06-02
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3935-3935
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4059935
- OpenAlex
- W2133683725
- Cited by
- 1,904
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 105 · 2025: 140 · 2024: 147 · 2023: 172 · 2022: 199 · 2021: 223 · 2020: 205 · 2019: 194 · 2018: 171 · 2017: 145 · 2016: 126 · 2015: 70 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 59.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Communications (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Open Access System for Information Sharing (Pohang University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation
- Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (No. 2010-0018294, 2010-0018294)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
- Keywords
- bioprinting, decellularized extracellular matrix, bioinks, cell-laden constructs, extracellular matrix microenvironment, adipose tissue, cartilage, myocardium, cell viability, tissue engineering
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Animals, Cartilage, Extracellular Matrix, Heart, Humans, Ink, Stem Cells, Swine, Tissue Engineering, Hyaline Cartilage, Tissue Scaffolds, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Bioprinting, Printing, Three-Dimensional
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