Cited by 1,559Vitamin D Research StudiesT-cell and B-cell ImmunologyImmune Response and Inflammation

Vitamin effects on the immune system: Vitamins A and D take centre stage

Open access
Mora, J. Rodrigo, Iwata, Makoto, von Andrian, Ulrich H.·2008·Nature Reviews Immunology

Abstract

Vitamins are essential constituents of our diet that have long been known to influence the immune system. Vitamins A and D have received particular attention in recent years as these vitamins have been shown to have an unexpected and crucial effect on the immune response. We present and discuss our current understanding of the essential roles of vitamins in modulating a broad range of immune processes, such as lymphocyte activation and proliferation, T-helper-cell differentiation, tissue-specific lymphocyte homing, the production of specific antibody isotypes and regulation of the immune response. Finally, we discuss the clinical potential of vitamin A and D metabolites for modulating tissue-specific immune responses and for preventing and/or treating inflammation and autoimmunity.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/nri2378

Cites

170 of 170 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • In states of vitamin A deficiency, the population of hematopoietic stem cells decreases because they cannot remain dormant, leading to imbalances in the immune system.

    “In states of deficiency, the population of hematopoietic stem cells decreases since they cannot remain dormant, leading to imbalances in the immune system [186,214].”

    From Vitamin A Update: Forms, Sources, Kinetics, Detection, Function, Deficiency, Therapeutic Use and Toxicity (2021) · cites this paper as [214]

    The sections on adaptive immune-cell subsets and vitamin A immunotherapy report impaired immune responses in vitamin A deficiency. They do not say that hematopoietic stem cells decrease, lose dormancy, or cause those immune effects; searches for hematopoietic stem cells and quiescence found no supporting passage. No page numbers were available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Mora, J. R., Iwata, M., & von Andrian, U. H.
Affiliations
  • Harvard University (US)
  • Tokushima Bunri University (JP)
Corresponding author
Mora, J. Rodrigo
Venue
Nature Reviews Immunology
Published
2008-09
Volume
8
Issue
9
Pages
685-698
ISSN
  • 1474-1733 (ISSN-L)
  • 1474-1741
OpenAlex
W2018938924
Cited by
1,559
References
170
Citations by year
2026: 46 · 2025: 84 · 2024: 81 · 2023: 75 · 2022: 98 · 2021: 118 · 2020: 123 · 2019: 69 · 2018: 87 · 2017: 88 · 2016: 86 · 2015: 115 · 2014: 89 · 2013: 100 · 2012: 91
FWCI
8.17
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature reviews. Immunology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL 56949, P01HL056949)
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI072252, AI061663, R01AI069259, R01AI061663, AI072252, AI-069259)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK 43351, P30DK043351)
  • National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (AR 42689, P30AR042689)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Vitamin D Research Studies
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
Keywords
vitamins, vitamin A, vitamin D, immune regulation, lymphocyte activation, T helper cell differentiation, lymphocyte homing, antibody isotypes, immune-mediated diseases, autoimmunity, inflammation, immunomodulatory therapy
MeSH terms
Animals, Humans, Immune System, Immunotherapy, Lymphocytes, Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamins

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review