Genetic and neurochemical modulation of prefrontal cognitive functions in children
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene affects how long dopamine acts in the prefrontal cortex. The Methionine polymorphism, which results in a slower breakdown of prefrontal dopamine, is associated with better adult prefrontal cortex function. The authors investigated the relation between the COMT gene polymorphism and cognitive performance in children. METHOD: Children were tested on cognitive tasks that depend on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and seem to be sensitive to the level of dopamine there (dots-mixed task), depend on that neural region but appear insensitive to its dopamine content (self-ordered pointing), and depend on other neural systems (recall memory and mental rotation). After data collection, cheek swabs were obtained from all children. DNA was extracted and genotyped for the COMT gene with polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Children who were homozygous for the Methionine polymorphism performed significantly better on the dots-mixed task but not on others. CONCLUSIONS: The findings provide an existence proof that genotypic differences can relate to differences in cognitive performance in typically developing children. The authors achieved a level of specificity never previously attempted; the COMT polymorphism was found to be differentially related to performance on tasks linked to the same prefrontal region by whether cognitive requirements of the tasks were sensitive to the level of dopamine found. These results challenge accepted notions that since dopamine is important for some cognitive functions dependent on the prefrontal cortex, it is important for all. The differential sensitivity of distinct cognitive abilities to specific neurotransmitters may make possible targeted pharmacological interventions.
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Behavioral findings on COMT genotype in children and adolescents are mixed.
“Behavioral findings are mixed (21-23).”
From Influence of the COMT genotype on working memory and brain activity changes during development (2011) · cites this paper as [22]
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- Authors
- Diamond, A., Briand, L., Fossella, J., & Gehlbach, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2004-01-01
- Volume
- 161
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 125-132
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W2119744642
- Cited by
- 381
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 8.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship@UMassChan (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD-35453, R01HD035453)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Keywords
- catechol-O-methyltransferase, COMT gene, dopamine, prefrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, cognitive performance, children, genetic polymorphism, memory retrieval, mental rotation, neurotransmitter sensitivity, pharmacogenetics
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Catechol O-Methyltransferase, Child, Codon, Cognition, DNA, Female, Genotype, Humans, Male, Memory, Polymorphism, Genetic, Saliva, Temporal Lobe, Gene Expression, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Prefrontal Cortex
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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