Cited by 472Memory and Neural MechanismsMemory Processes and InfluencesNeural dynamics and brain function

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Concept cells: the building blocks of declarative memory functions

Quiroga, Rodrigo Quian·2012·Nature reviews. Neuroscience

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Abstract

Intracranial recordings in subjects suffering from intractable epilepsy - made during their evaluation for an eventual surgical removal of the epileptic focus - have allowed the extraordinary opportunity to study the firing of multiple single neurons in awake and behaving human subjects. These studies have shown that neurons in the human medial temporal lobe respond in a remarkably selective and abstract manner to particular persons or objects, such as Jennifer Aniston, Luke Skywalker or the Tower of Pisa. These neurons have been named 'Jennifer Aniston neurons' or, more recently, 'concept cells'. I argue that the sparse, explicit and abstract representation of these neurons is crucial for memory functions, such as the creation of associations and the transition between related concepts that leads to episodic memories and the flow of consciousness.

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Differences in Onset Latency of Macaque Inferotemporal Neural Responses to Primate and Non-Primate Faces
Kiani, R., Esteky, H., & Tanaka, K. (2005) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00540.2004 · Cited by 106
Spike sorting
Quiroga, R. Q. (2007) · Scholarpedia · doi:10.4249/scholarpedia.3583 · Cited by 78
Self-citation
Trial Outcome and Associative Learning Signals in the Monkey Hippocampus
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Selectivity of pyramidal cells and interneurons in the human medial temporal lobe
Ison, M. J., Mormann, F., Cerf, M., Koch, C., Fried, I., & Quiroga, R. Q. (2011) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00576.2010 · Cited by 71
Self-citation
Measuring sparseness in the brain: Comment on Bowers (2009).
Quiroga, R. Q., & Kreiman, G. (2010) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/a0016917 · Cited by 71
Self-citation
Responses of Human Medial Temporal Lobe Neurons Are Modulated by Stimulus Repetition
Pedreira, C., Mormann, F., Kraskov, A., Cerf, M., Fried, I., Koch, C., & Quiroga, R. Q. (2009) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.91323.2008 · Cited by 48
Self-citation
Visual categorization: accessing abstraction in non–human primates
Fabre‐Thorpe, M. (2003) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2003.1310 · Cited by 45
From synchrony to sparseness
Theunissen, F. E. (2003) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(02)00016-4 · Cited by 32
Borges and Memory: Encounters with the Human Brain
Quiroga, R. Q. (2012) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 25
Self-citation
Postscript: About grandmother cells and Jennifer Aniston neurons.
Quiroga, R. Q., & Kreiman, G. (2010) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.117.1.297 · Cited by 13
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Marr's Theory of the Neocortex as a Self-Organizing Neural Network
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Human-level performance in 3D multiplayer games with population-based reinforcement learning
Jaderberg, M., Czarnecki, W. M., Dunning, I., Marris, L., Lever, G., Castañeda, A. G., Beattie, C., Rabinowitz, N. C., Morcos, A. S., Ruderman, A., et al. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aau6249 · Cited by 662
“We also found individual neurons whose activations coded directly for some of these features, e.g. a neuron that was active if and only if the agent’s teammate was holding the ﬂag, reminiscent of concept cells ( 51 ).”
Background
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Boly, M., Massimini, M., Tsuchiya, N., Postle, B. R., Koch, C., & Tononi, G. (2017) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3218-16.2017 · Cited by 557
“Due to space constraints, we will not review possible contributions to consciousness of the medial temporal lobe and of the insular cortex (Craig, 2010; Seth et al., 2011; Quiroga, 2012), except for pointing out that consciousness is preserved after bilateral lesions of these areas (Corkin, 2002; Damasio et al.”
Background
Past, present and future of spike sorting techniques
Rey, H. G., Pedreira, C., & Quiroga, R. Q. (2015) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.04.007 · Cited by 451
“1) The multiunit cluster is formed by the superposition of different spikes, it has a relatively low amplitude and violates the refractory period of single neurons—i.e., spikes appear within less than 2.5 ms (Quian Quiroga, 2012a .”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citation
From Knowing to Remembering: The Semantic–Episodic Distinction
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“These studies identiﬁed cells that responded to spe-ciﬁc individuals, places, or objects (and to stimuli associated with these concepts) whether the entity was presented as an image, or as a written or spoken word (reviewed in [61,62]).”
Background

See all 472

Authors: Quiroga, R. Q.
Affiliations: University of Leicester (GB)
Corresponding author: Quiroga, Rodrigo Quian
ORCID: Quiroga, Rodrigo Quian
Venue: Nature reviews. Neuroscience
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2012-07-04
Volume: 13
Issue: 8
Pages: 587-597
ISSN: 1471-003X (ISSN-L)
1471-0048
DOI: 10.1038/nrn3251
OpenAlex: W2040309074
Cited by: 472
References: 124
Citations by year: 2026: 39 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 59 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 2.10
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature reviews. Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Leicester Research Archive (University of Leicester) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
Keywords: medial temporal lobe, declarative memory, episodic memory, single-unit recording, drug-resistant epilepsy, object recognition, person recognition, memory associations, stream of consciousness
MeSH terms: Animals, Concept Formation, Humans, Memory, Nerve Net, Neural Pathways, Temporal Lobe, Synaptic Potentials

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Concept cells: the building blocks of declarative memory functions

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