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Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for immunomodulation and regeneration: a next generation therapeutic tool?

Kou, Meng, Huang, Li, Yang, Jinjuan, Chiang, Zhixin, Chen, Shaoxiang, Liu, Jie, Guo, Liyan, Zhang, Xiaoxian, Zhou, Xiaoya, Xu, Xiang, Yan, Xiaomei, Wang, Yan, Zhang, Jinqiu, Xu, Aimin, Tse, Hung-fat, Lian, Qizhou·2022·Cell Death & Disease
DOI 10.1038/s41419-022-05034-xPMC PMC9252569
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Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be widely isolated from various tissues including bone marrow, umbilical cord, and adipose tissue, with the potential for self-renewal and multipotent differentiation. There is compelling evidence that the therapeutic effect of MSCs mainly depends on their paracrine action. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are fundamental paracrine effectors of MSCs and play a crucial role in intercellular communication, existing in various body fluids and cell supernatants. Since MSC-derived EVs retain the function of protocells and have lower immunogenicity, they have a wide range of prospective therapeutic applications with advantages over cell therapy. We describe some characteristics of MSC-EVs, and discuss their role in immune regulation and regeneration, with emphasis on the molecular mechanism and application of MSC-EVs in the treatment of fibrosis and support tissue repair. We also highlight current challenges in the clinical application of MSC-EVs and potential ways to overcome the problem of quality heterogeneity.

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Fig. 1 The development and main types of extracellular vesicles. A Exosomes are derived from the endosomal pathway. B Composition of exosomes.
Fig. 1 The development and main types of extracellular vesicles. A Exosomes are derived from the endosomal pathway. B Composition of exosomes.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Kou, M., Huang, L., Yang, J., Chiang, Z., Chen, S., Liu, J., Guo, L., Zhang, X., Zhou, X., Xu, X., Yan, X., Wang, Y., Zhang, J., Xu, A., Tse, H.-F., & Lian, Q.
Venue
Cell Death & Disease
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2022-07-04
Volume
13
Issue
7
ISSN
2041-4889
DOI
10.1038/s41419-022-05034-x
PMC
PMC9252569
Cited by
640
References
17
Language
en
Licence
Funders
National Natural Science Foundation of China (31970910)

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