Network inefficiencies in autism spectrum disorder at 24 months.
Open accessAbstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder defined by behavioral symptoms that emerge during the first years of life. Associated with these symptoms are differences in the structure of a wide array of brain regions, and in the connectivity between these regions. However, the use of cohorts with large age variability and participants past the generally recognized age of onset of the defining behaviors means that many of the reported abnormalities may be a result of cascade effects of developmentally earlier deviations. This study assessed differences in connectivity in ASD at the age at which the defining behaviors first become clear. There were 113 24-month-old participants at high risk for ASD, 31 of whom were classified as ASD, and 23 typically developing 24-month-old participants at low risk for ASD. Utilizing diffusion data to obtain measures of the length and strength of connections between anatomical regions, we performed an analysis of network efficiency. Our results showed significantly decreased local and global efficiency over temporal, parietal and occipital lobes in high-risk infants classified as ASD, relative to both low- and high-risk infants not classified as ASD. The frontal lobes showed only a reduction in global efficiency in Broca's area. In addition, these same regions showed an inverse relation between efficiency and symptom severity across the high-risk infants. The results suggest delay or deficits in infants with ASD in the optimization of both local and global aspects of network structure in regions involved in processing auditory and visual stimuli, language and nonlinguistic social stimuli.
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The second year of life is a dynamic period of brain growth, during which increases in brain volume and atypical connectivity associated with ASD first emerge.
“First, the second year is a dynamic period of brain growth, during which increases in brain volume and atypical connectivity associated with ASD first emerge 6 , 7”
From Early Intervention for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder Under 3 Years of Age: Recommendations for Practice and Research (2015) · cites this paper as [7]
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- Authors
- Lewis, J. D., Evans, A. C., Pruett, J. R., Botteron, K., Zwaigenbaum, L., Estes, A., Gerig, G., Collins, L., Kostopoulos, P., McKinstry, R., Dager, S., Paterson, S., Schultz, R. T., Styner, M., Hazlett, H., Piven, J., & for the IBIS network
- Affiliations
- McGill University (CA)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- University of Alberta (CA)
- University of Washington (US)
- University of Utah (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lewis, J D
- ORCID
- Venue
- Translational Psychiatry
- Published
- 2014-05-06
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e388-e388
- ISSN
- 2158-3188 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4035719
- OpenAlex
- W2003321630
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 7.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Translational Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- Digital Commons@Becker (Washington University School of Medicine) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship@McGill (McGill) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- Autism Speaks
- Simons Foundation
- Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies
- National Institutes of Health
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- National Institute of Mental Health (HD055741)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U54HD079124, U54HD083091, HD-055741, R01HD055741)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, network efficiency, local efficiency, global efficiency, diffusion MRI, high-risk infants, symptom severity, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, Broca's area
- MeSH terms
- Cerebral Cortex, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Nerve Net, Risk, Severity of Illness Index, Diffusion Tensor Imaging
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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