Cited by 71Sexual Differentiation and DisordersHypothalamic control of reproductive hormonesBirth, Development, and Health

Hormonal Programming Across the Lifespan

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Nugent, B., Tobet, S., Lara, H., Lucion, A., Wilson, M., Recabarren, S., Paredes, A.·2012·Hormone and Metabolic Research

Abstract

Hormones influence countless biological processes across an animal's lifespan. Many hormone-mediated events occur within developmental sensitive periods, during which hormones have the potential to cause permanent tissue-specific alterations in anatomy and physiology. There are numerous selective critical periods in development with different targets being affected during different periods. This review outlines the proceedings of the Hormonal Programming in Development session at the US-South American Workshop in Neuroendocrinology in August 2011. Here we discuss how gonadal steroid hormones impact various biological processes within the brain and gonads during early development and describe the changes that take place in the aging female ovary. At the cellular level, hormonal targets in the brain include neurons, glia, or vasculature. On a genomic/epigenomic level, transcription factor signaling and epigenetic changes alter the expression of critical hormone receptor genes across development and following ischemic brain insult. In addition, organizational hormone exposure alters epigenetic processes in specific brain nuclei and may be an important mediator of sexual differentiation of the neonatal brain. Brain targets of hormonal programming, such as the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, may be critical in influencing the development of peripheral targets, such as the ovary. Exposure to excess hormones can cause abnormalities in the ovary during development leading to polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Exposure to excess androgens during fetal development also has a profound effect on the development of the male reproductive system. In addition, increased activity of the sympathetic nerve and stress during early life have been linked to PCOS symptomology in adulthood. Finally, we describe how age-related decreases in fertility are linked to high levels of nerve growth factor (NGF), which enhances sympathetic nerve activity and alters ovarian function.

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Crossref · 10.1055/s-0032-1312593

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136 of 136 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • At a biological level, variations in hormonal processes may result in differences by sex in the neural vulnerability to early adversity.

    “At a biological level, variations in hormonal processes may result in differences by sex in the neural vulnerability to early adversity (Nugent, Tobet, and Lara 2012).”

    From Early Family Experiences and Neural Activity in Rural Pakistani Children: The Differential Role of Gender (2024) · cites this paper as Nugent, Tobet, and Lara 2012

    The section on hormonal programming in the brain during development says hormonal factors contribute to sex differences in the brain, particularly during perinatal development (page unavailable). It does not establish that those differences change neural vulnerability to early adversity; the section on neonatal stress discusses reproductive and neuroendocrine effects, not sex differences in neural vulnerability. (LLM, conf=0.82)

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  • Early family experiences and exposure to adversity can vary according to the child's biological sex and the social implications of assigned gender.

    “Moreover, early family experiences and exposure to adversity can vary according to the child's biological sex and the social implications of assigned gender.”

    From Early Family Experiences and Neural Activity in Rural Pakistani Children: The Differential Role of Gender (2024) · cites this paper as Nugent, Tobet, and Lara 2012

    The 'Epigenetic programming in the developing brain' section mentions maternal behavior as an early-life influence on animal phenotypes and separately discusses biological sex differences. It does not say that family experiences or exposure to adversity vary by a child's sex or by the social implications of assigned gender; searches for those concepts found no supporting passage. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)

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1 retracted

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Research works printed but not linked: 10

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Authors
Nugent, B., Tobet, S., Lara, H., Lucion, A., Wilson, M., Recabarren, S., & Paredes, A.
Affiliations
  • University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
  • Colorado State University (US)
  • University of Chile (CL)
  • Departamento de Fisiologia Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Poro Alegrs, Brazil
  • University of Kentucky (US)
  • University of Concepción (CL)
Corresponding author
Nugent, B.
Venue
Hormone and Metabolic Research
Published
2012-06-14
Volume
44
Issue
08
Pages
577-586
ISSN
  • 0018-5043 (ISSN-L)
  • 1439-4286
OpenAlex
W1995982598
Cited by
71
References
136
Citations by year
2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
FWCI
3.09
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Hormone and Metabolic Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Universidad de Chile (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5p50mh082679-05)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (P50-MH082679, R01MH061376, R01-MH61376, R01MH052716)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (F31NS073545)
  • National Center for Research Resources (P20RR015592, P20RR15592)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
Keywords
sex steroids, brain development, ovarian aging, polycystic ovary syndrome, hyperandrogenism, male reproductive development, sexual differentiation of the brain, paraventricular nucleus, epigenetics, ischemic brain injury, nerve growth factor, sympathetic nervous system, early life stress, fertility decline
MeSH terms
Aging, Animals, Brain, Hormones, Humans, Reproduction, Epigenesis, Genetic, Growth and Development

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