The DOI matches its Crossref record; 64 of the 64 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Early versus Late Parenteral Nutrition in Critically Ill Adults
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Controversy exists about the timing of the initiation of parenteral nutrition in critically ill adults in whom caloric targets cannot be met by enteral nutrition alone. METHODS: In this randomized, multicenter trial, we compared early initiation of parenteral nutrition (European guidelines) with late initiation (American and Canadian guidelines) in adults in the intensive care unit (ICU) to supplement insufficient enteral nutrition. In 2312 patients, parenteral nutrition was initiated within 48 hours after ICU admission (early-initiation group), whereas in 2328 patients, parenteral nutrition was not initiated before day 8 (late-initiation group). A protocol for the early initiation of enteral nutrition was applied to both groups, and insulin was infused to achieve normoglycemia. RESULTS: Patients in the late-initiation group had a relative increase of 6.3% in the likelihood of being discharged alive earlier from the ICU (hazard ratio, 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00 to 1.13; P=0.04) and from the hospital (hazard ratio, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.13; P=0.04), without evidence of decreased functional status at hospital discharge. Rates of death in the ICU and in the hospital and rates of survival at 90 days were similar in the two groups. Patients in the late-initiation group, as compared with the early-initiation group, had fewer ICU infections (22.8% vs. 26.2%, P=0.008) and a lower incidence of cholestasis (P<0.001). The late-initiation group had a relative reduction of 9.7% in the proportion of patients requiring more than 2 days of mechanical ventilation (P=0.006), a median reduction of 3 days in the duration of renal-replacement therapy (P=0.008), and a mean reduction in health care costs of €1,110 (about $1,600) (P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Late initiation of parenteral nutrition was associated with faster recovery and fewer complications, as compared with early initiation. (Funded by the Methusalem program of the Flemish government and others; EPaNIC ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00512122.).
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In this circumstance, it is becoming likely that nutrition support may even delay healing due to potential interference with clearance of damage.150, 151, 152”
From Hypoalbuminemia: Pathogenesis and Clinical Significance (2019) · cites this paper as [150]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Late, as compared with early initiation of PN, was associated with lower mortality, less need for ventilation and renal support, shorter ICU and hospital stay, and fewer infectious complications [36].”
From Nutrition in Sepsis: A Bench-to-Bedside Review. (2020) · cites this paper as [36]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Casaer et al. (16) observed that early (supplemental or exclusive) PN is associated with increased morbidity including prolonged ICU dependency and mechanical ventilation, and increased infection rate and need for renal replacement therapy.”
From ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit. (2019) · cites this paper as [16]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In a sub-group analysis of the EPaNIC study, early and late PN was compared in complicated pulmonary/esophageal and abdomino-pelvic surgery patients.Reduced infection rates in late vs early PN were observed (29.9% vs. 40.2%,p=0.01) with no difference in any mortality outcomes, whereas all these patients received virtually no EN during the seven study days (16).”
From ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit. (2019) · cites this paper as [16]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Casaer et al. [14] observed that early (supplemental or exclusive) PN is associated with increased morbidity including prolonged ICU dependency and mechanical ventilation, and increased infection rate and need for renal replacement therapy.”
From ESPEN practical and partially revised guideline: Clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit (2023) · cites this paper as [14]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Reduced infection rates in late vs early PN were observed (29.9% vs. 40.2%,p ¼ 0.01) with no difference in any mortality outcomes, whereas all these patients received virtually no EN during the seven study days [14].”
From ESPEN practical and partially revised guideline: Clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit (2023) · cites this paper as [14]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Adding parenteral nutrition to enteral nutrition to increase intakes was associated with longer ICU stays and higher infection rates.13,14”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In the EpaNIC randomised trial of early versus late parenteral nutrition to supplement insufficient enteral intakes, mortality was similar in the two groups, but benefits in the late group included fewer ICU-acquired infections and shorter durations of mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, and ICU stay.13”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“the toleration of a nutritional deficit during the first week of critical illness resulted in fewer complications and accelerated recovery [91].”
From An update on non-thyroidal illness syndrome (2021) · cites this paper as [91]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In our trial, ICU-acquired infections were less common than in EpaNIC despite greater critical illness severity and higher mortality of patients, perhaps because all infections were adjudicated by an independent committee.”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In previous randomised trials, nutritional interventions affected time to readiness for ICU discharge but not mortality.13,14”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“A similar strategy regarding this endpoint has been used previously in studies on nutrition in the ICU.13,14”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“However, results of this study revealed the potential harm of nutritional intervention aiming at full, possibly overestimated calorie targets during the acute phase of critical illness.”
From ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit. (2019) · cites this paper as [16]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This was also the conclusions of the EPaniC study including more than 1000 septic patients (16).”
From ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit. (2019) · cites this paper as [16]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Additionally, one study showed possible benefit of a further delay of PN if EN is not possible/tolerated in non-malnourished ICU patients (16).”
From ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit. (2019) · cites this paper as [16]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Additionally, one study showed possible benefit of a further delay of PN if EN is not possible/ tolerated [14].”
From ESPEN practical and partially revised guideline: Clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit (2023) · cites this paper as [14]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“However, results of this study revealed the potential harm of nutritional intervention aiming at full, possibly overestimated calorie targets during the acute phase of critical illness.”
From ESPEN practical and partially revised guideline: Clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit (2023) · cites this paper as [14]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Knaus, W. A., Draper, E. A., Wagner, D. P., & Zimmerman, J. E. (1985) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-198510000-00009 · Cited by 15,518
APACHE II-A Severity of Disease Classification System
Knaus, W. A., Draper, E. A., Wagner, D. P., & Zimmerman, J. E. (1986) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-198608000-00028 · Cited by 13,379
Bone, R. C., BALK, R. A., Cerra, F. B., Dellinger, R. P., Fein, A. M., Knaus, W. A., Schein, R. M. H., & Sibbald, W. J. (1992) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.101.6.1644 · Cited by 13,317
ATS Statement: Guidelines for the Six-Minute Walk Test
(2002) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.166.1.at1102 · Cited by 11,195
Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients.
Van den Berghe, G., Wouters, P., Weekers, F., Verwaest, C., Bruyninckx, F., Schetz, M., Vlasselaers, D., Ferdinande, P., Lauwers, P., & Bouillon, R. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa011300 · Cited by 9,977
Self-citationIntensive versus Conventional Glucose Control in Critically Ill Patients
(2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0810625 · Cited by 5,119
Guideline for Prevention of Surgical Site Infection, 1999
Mangram, A. J., Horan, T. C., Pearson, M. L., Silver, L. C., & Jarvis, W. R. (1999) · Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology · doi:10.1086/501620 · Cited by 4,587
Intensive insulin therapy in the medical ICU
Van den Berghe, G., Wilmer, A., Hermans, G., Meersseman, W., Wouters, P. J., Milants, I., Van Wijngaerden, E., Bobbaers, H., & Bouillon, R. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa052521 · Cited by 3,639
Self-citationAutophagy and the Integrated Stress Response
Kroemer, G., Mariño, G., & Levine, B. (2010) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2010.09.023 · Cited by 3,506
Autophagy in immunity and inflammation
Levine, B., Mizushima, N., & Virgin, H. W. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09782 · Cited by 3,289
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Martin CM, 2004, CMAJ, 170, 197
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock
Dellinger, R. P., Levy, M. M., Rhodes, A., Annane, D., Gerlach, H., Opal, S. M., Sevransky, J. E., Sprung, C. L., Douglas, I. S., Jaeschke, R., et al. (2013) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0b013e31827e83af · Cited by 9,694
Dellinger, R. P., Levy, M. M., Rhodes, A., Annane, D., Gerlach, H., Opal, S. M., Sevransky, J., Sprung, C. L., Douglas, I. S., Jaeschke, R., et al. (2013) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-012-2769-8 · Cited by 7,371
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock: 2016.
Rhodes, A., Evans, L. E., Alhazzani, W., Levy, M. M., Antonelli, M., Ferrer, R., Kumar, A., Sevransky, J. E., Sprung, C. L., Nunnally, M. E., et al. (2017) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-017-4683-6 · Cited by 6,621
McClave, S. A., Taylor, B. E., Martindale, R. G., Warren, M. M., Johnson, D. R., Braunschweig, C., McCarthy, M. S., Davanos, E., Rice, T. W., Cresci, G. A., et al. (2016) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607115621863 · Cited by 3,982
Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock
Angus, D. C., & van der Poll, T. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1208623 · Cited by 4,119
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock: 2016.
Rhodes, A., Evans, L. E., Alhazzani, W., Levy, M. M., Antonelli, M., Ferrer, R., Kumar, A., Sevransky, J. E., Sprung, C. L., Nunnally, M. E., et al. (2017) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000002255 · Cited by 3,652
ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit.
Singer, P., Blaser, A. R., Berger, M. M., Alhazzani, W., Calder, P. C., Casaer, M. P., Hiesmayr, M., Mayer, K., Montejo, J. C., Pichard, C., et al. (2019) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2018.08.037 · Cited by 2,904
“01) with no difference in any mortality outcomes, whereas all these patients received virtually no EN during the seven study days [16].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationESPEN guideline: Clinical nutrition in surgery
Weimann, A., Braga, M., Carli, F., Higashiguchi, T., Hübner, M., Kłęk, S., Laviano, A., Ljungqvist, O. H., Lobo, D. N., Martindale, R. G., et al. (2017) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2017.02.013 · Cited by 1,978
“Two recent large-scalemulticentre studies investigatedwhether PN should be supplemented “early” (within 4 days) or “late” (after 7 days) in the event of impaired enteral tolerance [246,247] (both 1þþ).”
BackgroundAcute respiratory distress syndrome
Thompson, B. T., Chambers, R. C., & Liu, K. D. (2017) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1608077 · Cited by 1,807
Alhazzani, W. A., Møller, M. H., Arabi, Y. M., Loeb, M. B., Gong, M. N., Fan, E., Oczkowski, S. J. W., Levy, M. M., Derde, L. P. G., Dzierba, A. L., et al. (2020) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000004363 · Cited by 1,578
Taylor, B. E., McClave, S. A., Martindale, R. G., Warren, M. M., Johnson, D. R., Braunschweig, C., McCarthy, M. S., Davanos, E., Rice, T. W., Cresci, G. A., et al. (2016) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000001525 · Cited by 1,476
Hypoalbuminemia: Pathogenesis and Clinical Significance
Soeters, P. B., Wolfe, R. R., & Shenkin, A. (2019) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1002/jpen.1451 · Cited by 1,448
Sepsis: pathophysiology and clinical management
Gotts, J. E., & Matthay, M. A. (2016) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.i1585 · Cited by 1,308
Weiss, S. L., Peters, M. J., Alhazzani, W. A., Agus, M. S. D., Flori, H. R., Inwald, D. P., Nadel, S., Schlapbach, L. J., Tasker, R. C., Argent, A. C., et al. (2020) · Pediatric Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/pcc.0000000000002198 · Cited by 1,304
EASL Clinical Practical Guidelines on the management of acute (fulminant) liver failure
Wendon, J., Cordoba, J., Dhawan, A., Larsen, F. S., Manns, M., Nevens, F., Samuel, D., Simpson, K. J., Yaron, I., & Bernardi, M. (2017) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2016.12.003 · Cited by 917
The National Heart, L., Rice, T. W., Wheeler, A. P., Thompson, B. T., Steingrub, J., Hite, R. D., Moss, M., Morris, A., Dong, N., & Rock, P. (2012) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.2012.137 · Cited by 935
KDOQI US Commentary on the 2012 KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Acute Kidney Injury
Palevsky, P. M., Liu, K. D., Brophy, P. D., Chawla, L. S., Parikh, C. R., Thakar, C. V., Tolwani, A., Waikar, S. S., & Weisbord, S. D. (2013) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.02.349 · Cited by 1,204
Schuetz, P., Fehr, R., Baechli, V., Geiser, M., Deiss, M., Gomes, F., Kutz, A., Tribolet, P., Bregenzer, T., Braun, N., et al. (2019) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32776-4 · Cited by 910
ESPEN practical and partially revised guideline: Clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit
Singer, P., Blaser, A. R., Berger, M. M., Calder, P. C., Casaer, M., Hiesmayr, M., Mayer, K., Montejo-Gonzalez, J. C., Pichard, C., Preiser, J.-C., et al. (2023) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2023.07.011 · Cited by 793
“Casaer et al. [14] observed that early (supplemental or exclusive) PN is associated with increased morbidity including prolonged ICU dependency and mechanical ventilation, and increased infection rate and need for renal replacement therapy.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationHeidegger, C. P., Berger, M. M., Graf, S., Zingg, W., Darmon, P., Costanza, M. C., Thibault, R., & Pichard, C. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61351-8 · Cited by 776
Stress hyperglycemia: an essential survival response!
Marik, P. E., & Bellomo, R. (2013) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/cc12514 · Cited by 775
Vanhorebeek, I., Latronico, N., & den Berghe, G. V. (2020) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-020-05944-4 · Cited by 840
“Harm evoked by early parenteral nutrition comprised more ICU-acquired weakness and impaired recovery thereof, longer dependency on mechanical ventilation and a longer stay in the ICU [20, 28, 95].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialCompher, C., Bingham, A. L., McCall, M., Patel, J., Rice, T. W., Braunschweig, C., & McKeever, L. (2022) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1002/jpen.2267 · Cited by 747
Blaser, A. R., Malbrain, M. L. N. G., Starkopf, J., Fruhwald, S. M., Jakob, S. M., Waele, J. J. D., Braun, J.-P., Poeze, M., & Spies, C. (2012) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-011-2459-y · Cited by 665
Trial of the Route of Early Nutritional Support in Critically Ill Adults
Harvey, S. E., Parrott, F., Harrison, D. A., Bear, D. E., Segaran, E., Beale, R., Bellingan, G., Leonard, R., Mythen, M. G., & Rowan, K. M. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1409860 · Cited by 618
Permissive underfeeding or standard enteral feeding in critically ill adults
Arabi, Y. M., Aldawood, A. S., Haddad, S. H., Al-Dorzi, H. M., Tamim, H. M., Jones, G., Mehta, S., McIntyre, L., Solaiman, O., Sakkijha, M. H., et al. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1502826 · Cited by 614
Weiss, S. L., Peters, M. J., Alhazzani, W. A., Agus, M. S. D., Flori, H. R., Inwald, D. P., Nadel, S., Schlapbach, L. J., Tasker, R. C., Argent, A. C., et al. (2020) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-019-05878-6 · Cited by 663
Reignier, J., Boisramé-Helms, J., Brisard, L., Lascarrou, J.-B., Ait Hssain, A., Anguel, N., Argaud, L., Asehnoune, K., Asfar, P., Bellec, F., et al. (2018) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32146-3 · Cited by 595
Early versus late parenteral nutrition in critically ill children
Fivez, T., Kerklaan, D., Mesotten, D., Verbruggen, S., Wouters, P. J., Vanhorebeek, I., Debaveye, Y., Vlasselaers, D., Desmet, L., Casaer, M. P., et al. (2016) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1514762 · Cited by 558
Self-citationJacobi, J., Bircher, N. G., Krinsley, J. S., Agus, M. S. D., Braithwaite, S. S., Deutschman, C. S., Freire, A. X., Geehan, D., Kohl, B., Nasraway, S. A., et al. (2012) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0b013e3182653269 · Cited by 581
Gupta, S., Wang, W., Hayek, S. S., Chan, L., Mathews, K. S., Melamed, M. L., Brenner, S. K., Leonberg-Yoo, A., Schenck, E. J., Radbel, J., et al. (2021) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.6252 · Cited by 535
Hermans, G., Mechelen, H. V., Clerckx, B., Vanhullebusch, T., Mesotten, D., Wilmer, A. P., Casaer, M. P., Meersseman, P., Debaveye, Y. A., Cromphaut, S. J. V., et al. (2014) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201312-2257oc · Cited by 560
Self-citation36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine
Bateman, R. M., Sharpe, M. D., Jagger, J. E., Ellis, C. G., Solé‐Violán, J., López-Rodríguez, M., Herrera‐Ramos, E., Ruiz-Hernández, J. J., Borderías, L., Horcajada, J. P., et al. (2016) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6 · Cited by 563
Metabolic response to the stress of critical illness
Preiser, J., Ichaï, C., Orban, J., & Groeneveld, A. B. J. (2014) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aeu187 · Cited by 533
ASPEN Consensus Recommendations for Refeeding Syndrome
da Silva, J. S. V., Seres, D. S., Sabino, K., Adams, S. C., Berdahl, G. J., Citty, S. W., Cober, M. P., Evans, D. C., Greaves, J. R., Gura, K. M., et al. (2020) · Nutrition in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1002/ncp.10474 · Cited by 542
The rise of mitochondria in medicine
Picard, M. A., Wallace, D. C., & Burelle, Y. (2016) · Mitochondrion · doi:10.1016/j.mito.2016.07.003 · Cited by 475
“…ill adult patient who naturally exhibits low energy requirements due to bedrest and physical inactivity, early-onset intravenous feeding (i.e., parenteral nutrition) promotes metabolic oversupply and is consequently associated with greater morbidity than later-onset feeding (Casaer et al., 2011).”
BackgroundThyroid function in critically ill patients
Fliers, E., Bianco, A. C., Langouche, L., & Boelen, A. (2015) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00225-9 · Cited by 441
Strategies to Prevent Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Acute Care Hospitals: 2014 Update
Klompas, M., Branson, R. D., Eichenwald, E. C., Greene, L. R., Howell, M. D., Lee, G. M., Magill, S. S., Maragakis, L. L., Priebe, G. P., Speck, K. A., et al. (2014) · Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology · doi:10.1086/677144 · Cited by 444
“Initiation of parenteral nutrition in critically ill patients within 48 hours of ICU admission is associated with an increased risk of nosocomial infections and mortality compared with initiating parenteral nutrition on or after 8 days.(139) IV.”
Metabolic and nutritional support of critically ill patients: consensus and controversies
Preiser, J.-C., van Zanten, A. R., Berger, M. M., Biolo, G., Casaer, M. P., Doig, G. S., Griffiths, R. D., Heyland, D. K., Hiesmayr, M., Iapichino, G., et al. (2015) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-015-0737-8 · Cited by 416
“The role of inflammation in the metabolic response to stress has been recognized for a long time and is currently under increased scrutiny after the results of the trials from Leuven University [6] [7], in which the magnitude of the inflammatory response was attenuated in patients who received intensive insulin therap…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationKlompas, M., Branson, R. D., Cawcutt, K. A., Crist, M. B., Eichenwald, E. C., Greene, L. R., Lee, G. M., Maragakis, L. L., Powell, K. M., Priebe, G. P., et al. (2022) · Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology · doi:10.1017/ice.2022.88 · Cited by 458
The Sick and the Weak: Neuropathies/Myopathies in the Critically Ill
Friedrich, O., Reid, M. B., den Berghe, G. V., Vanhorebeek, I., Hermans, G., Rich, M. M., & Larsson, L. (2015) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00028.2014 · Cited by 409
“This was confirmed in a recent RCT (300), and this may also explain the delay in recovery observed with early versus late initiation of parenteral nutrition to supplement insufficient enteral nutrition in critically ill patients (107, 109, 300).”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationElke, G., van Zanten, A. R. H., Lemieux, M., McCall, M., Jeejeebhoy, K. N., Kott, M., Jiang, X., Day, A. G., & Heyland, D. K. (2016) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-016-1298-1 · Cited by 378
“The results of our meta-analysis may not be applicable to patients with a relative short-term or absolute contraindication for EN where the treatment effect of PN (as compared to standard care or no nutrition) on clinical outcomes may differ, as shown in two recent large RCTs [33, 34].”
ResultHermans, G., Casaer, M. P., Clerckx, B., Güiza, F., Vanhullebusch, T., Derde, S., Meersseman, P., Derese, I., Mesotten, D., Wouters, P. J., et al. (2013) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(13)70183-8 · Cited by 376
Self-citationWeijs, P. J., Looijaard, W. G., Beishuizen, A., Girbes, A. R., & Oudemans-van Straaten, H. M. (2014) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-014-0701-z · Cited by 358
“Of note, the increased rate of infections and longer duration of mechanical ventilation and renal replacement therapy found in the EPaNIC trial [1] could partially be explained by a component of overfeeding, because energy needs were not measured but calculated, and rather high energy targets were attained.”
InfluentialEnergy-dense versus routine enteral nutrition in the critically ill
The TARGET Investigators (2018) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1811687 · Cited by 345
Allingstrup, M. J., Kondrup, J., Wiis, J., Claudius, C., Pedersen, U. G., Hein-Rasmussen, R., Bjerregaard, M. R., Steensen, M., Jensen, T. H., Lange, T., et al. (2017) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-017-4880-3 · Cited by 341
Nutrition in the acute phase of critical illness
Casaer, M. P., & Van den Berghe, G. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1304623 · Cited by 335
Self-citationNon-Thyroidal Illness in the ICU: A Syndrome with Different Faces
Van den Berghe, G. (2014) · Thyroid® · doi:10.1089/thy.2014.0201 · Cited by 316
“The latter could in part explain the finding of fewer nosocomial infections with tolerating the macronutrient deficit during acute critical illness (34).”
BackgroundRole of Disease and Macronutrient Dose in the Randomized Controlled EPaNIC Trial
Casaer, M. P., Wilmer, A., Hermans, G., Wouters, P. J., Mesotten, D., & Van den Berghe, G. (2013) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201206-0999oc · Cited by 307
Self-citationACG Clinical Guideline: Nutrition Therapy in the Adult Hospitalized Patient
McClave, S. A., DiBaise, J. K., Mullin, G. E., & Martindale, R. G. (2016) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ajg.2016.28 · Cited by 287
Dhaliwal, R., Cahill, N., Lemieux, M., & Heyland, D. K. (2014) · Nutrition in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1177/0884533613510948 · Cited by 282
Indirect calorimetry in nutritional therapy. A position paper by the ICALIC study group
Oshima, T., Berger, M. M., De Waele, E., Guttormsen, A. B., Heidegger, C.-P., Hiesmayr, M., Singer, P., Wernerman, J., & Pichard, C. (2017) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2016.06.010 · Cited by 283
Compher, C., Chittams, J., Sammarco, T., Nicolo, M., & Heyland, D. K. (2017) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000002083 · Cited by 264
Reignier, J., Plantefeve, G., Mira, J.-P., Argaud, L., Asfar, P., Aissaoui, N., Badie, J., Botoc, N.-V., Brisard, L., Bui, H.-N., et al. (2023) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(23)00092-9 · Cited by 270
The evolutionary significance of depression in Pathogen Host Defense (PATHOS-D)
Raison, C. L., & Miller, A. H. (2013) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2012.2 · Cited by 253
Acute liver failure: A curable disease by 2024?
Bernal, W. E., Lee, W. M., Wendon, J. A., Larsen, F. S., & Williams, R. L. (2015) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2014.12.016 · Cited by 260
“If enteral nutrition is not tolerated later introduction of intravenous feeding may be considered [46].”
BackgroundESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN guidelines on pediatric parenteral nutrition: Energy
Joosten, K., Embleton, N., Yan, W., Senterre, T., Braegger, C., Bronský, J., Cai, W., Campoy, C., Carnielli, V. P., Darmaun, D., et al. (2018) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2018.06.944 · Cited by 242
Self-citationESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in hospitalized patients with acute or chronic kidney disease
Fiaccadori, E., Sabatino, A., Barazzoni, R., Carrero, J. J., Cupisti, A., De Waele, E., Jonckheer, J., Singer, P., & Cuerda, C. (2021) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2021.01.028 · Cited by 277
“Besides, one study in non-malnourished critically-ill patients with AKI described potential advantages in delaying PN if EN is not possible/ tolerated [58,59].”
BackgroundWhen Is Parenteral Nutrition Appropriate?
Worthington, P. H., Balint, J. P., Bechtold, M. L., Bingham, A. L., Chan, L., Durfee, S. M., Jevenn, A., Malone, A. M., Mascarenhas, M. R., Robinson, D. T., et al. (2017) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607117695251 · Cited by 235
Elke, G., Wang, M., Weiler, N., Day, A. G., & Heyland, D. K. (2014) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/cc13720 · Cited by 238
Egi, M., Ogura, H., Yatabe, T., Atagi, K., Inoue, S., Iba, T., Kakihana, Y., Kawasaki, T., Kushimoto, S., Kuroda, Y., et al. (2021) · Journal of Intensive Care · doi:10.1186/s40560-021-00555-7 · Cited by 232
Picard, M. A., Jung, B., Liang, F., Azuelos, I., Hussain, S. N. A., Goldberg, P., Godin, R., Danialou, G., Chaturvedi, R. K., Rygiel, K. A., et al. (2012) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201206-0982oc · Cited by 225
Appropriate protein provision in critical illness: a systematic and narrative review
Hoffer, L. J., & Bistrian, B. R. (2012) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.111.032078 · Cited by 224
Umpierrez, G. E., Smiley, D., Hermayer, K., Khan, A., Olson, D. E., Newton, C., Jacobs, S., Rizzo, M., Peng, L., Reyes, D., et al. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-1988 · Cited by 222
Personalized mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome
Pelosi, P. P., Ball, L., Barbas, C. S. V., Bellomo, R., Burns, K. E. A., Einav, S., Gattinoni, L., Laffey, J. G., Marini, J. J., Myatra, S. N., et al. (2021) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-021-03686-3 · Cited by 237
“for out of hospital cardiac arrest [88], early parenteral or enteral nutrition to achieve early full caloric intake [89]; glutamine therapy to correct glutamine deficiency [90]; fluid bolus resuscitation in septic African children [91].”
BackgroundHeyland, D. K., Dhaliwal, R., Wang, M., & Day, A. G. (2014) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2014.07.008 · Cited by 221
Five-year impact of ICU-acquired neuromuscular complications: a prospective, observational study
Aerde, N. V., Meersseman, P., Debaveye, Y. A., Wilmer, A. P., Gunst, J., Casaer, M. P., Bruyninckx, F., Wouters, P. J., Gosselink, R., den Berghe, G. V., et al. (2020) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-020-05927-5 · Cited by 214
Self-citationInflammation and nutrition: friend or foe?
Stumpf, F., Keller, B., Gressies, C., & Schuetz, P. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15051159 · Cited by 213
“Although it can be challenging in clinical practice, a consistent adaptation of nutritional management during the course of critical illness is crucial [92,108,110,111].”
BackgroundIntensive Nutrition in Acute Lung Injury: A Clinical Trial (INTACT)
Braunschweig, C. A., Sheean, P. M., Peterson, S. J., Gomez Perez, S., Freels, S., Lateef, O., Gurka, D., & Fantuzzi, G. (2015) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607114528541 · Cited by 199
“89 Protein received per day, g 82 (23) 60.”
Metabolic phenotype of skeletal muscle in early critical illness
Puthucheary, Z., Astin, R., McPhail, M. J. W., Saeed, S. M. B., Pasha, Y., Bear, D. E., Constantin, D., Velloso, C. P., Manning, S., Calvert, L. D., et al. (2018) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-211073 · Cited by 206
The intensive care medicine research agenda in nutrition and metabolism
Arabi, Y. M., Casaer, M. P., Chapman, M. J., Heyland, D. K., Ichaï, C., Marik, P. E., Martindale, R. G., McClave, S. A., Preiser, J., Reignier, J., et al. (2017) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-017-4711-6 · Cited by 204
Self-citationRisk factors for intensive care unit-acquired weakness: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Yang, T., Li, Z., Jiang, L., Wang, Y., & Xi, X. (2018) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/ane.12964 · Cited by 216
An update on non-thyroidal illness syndrome
Fliers, E., & Boelen, A. (2021) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-020-01482-4 · Cited by 218
Gastro-Intestinal Failure Trial Group, Blaser, A. R., Poeze, M., Malbrain, M. L. N. G., Björck, M., Straaten, H. M. O., & Starkopf, J. (2013) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-013-2831-1 · Cited by 199
Strategies to Prevent Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Acute Care Hospitals: 2014 Update
Klompas, M., Branson, R. D., Eichenwald, E. C., Greene, L. R., Howell, M. D., Lee, G. M., Magill, S. S., Maragakis, L. L., Priebe, G. P., Speck, K. A., et al. (2014) · Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology · doi:10.1017/s0899823x00193894 · Cited by 196
“Initiation of parenteral nutrition in critically ill patients within 48 hours of ICU admission is associated with an increased risk of nosocomial infections and mortality compared with initiating parenteral nutrition on or after 8 days.(139)”
Boelens, P. G., Heesakkers, F. F. B. M., Luyer, M. D. P., van Barneveld, K. W. Y., de Hingh, I. H. J. T., Nieuwenhuijzen, G. A. P., Roos, A. N., & Rutten, H. J. T. (2014) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0000000000000288 · Cited by 192
NutritionDay ICU: a 7 year worldwide prevalence study of nutrition practice in intensive care
Bendavid, I., Singer, P., Theilla, M., Themessl-Huber, M., Sulz, I., Mouhieddine, M., Schuh, C., Mora, B., & Hiesmayr, M. (2017) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2016.07.012 · Cited by 175
Nutritional Status and Mortality in the Critically Ill*
Mogensen, K. M., Robinson, M. K., Casey, J. D., Gunasekera, N. S., Moromizato, T., Rawn, J. D., & Christopher, K. B. (2015) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000001306 · Cited by 190
“Late initiation of parenteral nutrition in the critically ill is shown to be associated with a less complicated ICU course (51).”
BackgroundKoekkoek, W. A. C. (., van Setten, C. H. (., Olthof, L. E., Kars, J. C. N. (., & van Zanten, A. R. H. (2019) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2018.02.012 · Cited by 188
Pathophysiology of Critical Illness and Role of Nutrition
Sharma, K., Mogensen, K. M., & Robinson, M. K. (2018) · Nutrition in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1002/ncp.10232 · Cited by 194
Wei, X., Day, A. G., Ouellette-Kuntz, H., & Heyland, D. K. (2015) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000001000 · Cited by 187
“Gastrointestinal 44 (9) 25 (14) 12 (5) 7 (11)”
ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in surgery – Update 2025
Weimann, A., Bezmarević, M., Braga, M., Correia, M. I. T. D., Funk-Debleds, P., Gianotti, L. V., Gillis, C., Hübner, M., Inciong, J. F. B., Jahit, M. S., et al. (2025) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2025.08.029 · Cited by 224
The Relationship Among Obesity, Nutritional Status, and Mortality in the Critically Ill*
Robinson, M. K., Mogensen, K. M., Casey, J. D., McKane, C. K., Moromizato, T., Rawn, J. D., & Christopher, K. B. (2014) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000000602 · Cited by 182
“Late initiation of PN in the critically ill is shown to be associated with a less complicated ICU course (99).”
BackgroundThe evolutionary benefit of insulin resistance
Soeters, M. R., & Soeters, P. B. (2012) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2012.05.011 · Cited by 176
Liver Injury and Failure in Critical Illness
Horvatits, T., Drolz, A., Trauner, M., & Fuhrmann, V. (2019) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.30824 · Cited by 174
“(16,33) Typical risk factors for new onset of cholestasis are preexisting liver disease, shock, severe respiratory insufficiency, renal failure, as well as total parenteral nutrition.(21,34) Vasopressors decrease bile flow and excretion of BAs possibly through intracellular increase of calcium in hepatocytes.”
BackgroundFlechet, M., Güiza, F., Schetz, M., Wouters, P., Vanhorebeek, I., Derese, I., Gunst, J., Spriet, I., Casaer, M., Van den Berghe, G., et al. (2017) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-017-4678-3 · Cited by 169
Self-citationManagement of Hyperglycemia During Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Therapy
Gosmanov, A. R., & Umpierrez, G. E. (2012) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-012-0335-y · Cited by 168
Derde, S., Vanhorebeek, I., Güiza, F., Derese, I., Gunst, J., Fahrenkrog, B., Martinet, W., Vervenne, H. B. V. K., Ververs, E.-J., Larsson, L., et al. (2012) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2011-2068 · Cited by 169
Berlana, D. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14214480 · Cited by 192
“However, the timing of the initiation of EN or PN or a combination of both remains controversial [16,154,155].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialHalpern, S. D., Becker, D., Curtis, J. R., Fowler, R., Hyzy, R. C., Kaplan, L. J., Rawat, N., Sessler, C. N., Wunsch, H., & Kahn, J. M. (2014) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201407-1317st · Cited by 165
A guide to enteral nutrition in intensive care units: 10 expert tips for the daily practice
Preiser, J.-C., Arabi, Y. M., Berger, M. M., Casaer, M., McClave, S., Montejo-González, J. C., Peake, S., Reintam Blaser, A., Van den Berghe, G., van Zanten, A., et al. (2021) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-021-03847-4 · Cited by 166
“Moreover, some harm can be related to excessive amounts of proteins in a post hoc analysis of prospective trials performed in adults [45, 84, 85] or in children [86] and in a retrospective study [87].”
BackgroundSelf-citationPetros, S., Horbach, M., Seidel, F., & Weidhase, L. (2016) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607114528980 · Cited by 163
“A recent study showed that early initiation of supplemental PN was associated with more nosocomial infections and a longer ICU stay than late initiation, but without any significant difference in mortality.(30) However, other authors came to a different conclusion.”
ResultVanhorebeek, I., Verbruggen, S. C. A. T., Casaer, M. P., Gunst, J., Wouters, P. J., Hanot, J., Guerra, G. G., Vlasselaers, D., Joosten, K., & den Berghe, G. V. (2017) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(17)30186-8 · Cited by 166
Self-citationTight blood-glucose control without early parenteral nutrition in the ICU
Gunst, J., Debaveye, Y., Güiza, F., Dubois, J., De Bruyn, A., Dauwe, D., De Troy, E., Casaer, M. P., De Vlieger, G., Haghedooren, R., et al. (2023) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2304855 · Cited by 163
Self-citationGunst, J., Derese, I., Aertgeerts, A., Ververs, E.-J., Wauters, A., den Berghe, G. V., & Vanhorebeek, I. (2012) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0b013e3182676657 · Cited by 166
Advantages of enteral nutrition over parenteral nutrition
Seres, D. S., Valcarcel, M., & Guillaume, A. (2013) · Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1177/1756283x12467564 · Cited by 159
Wischmeyer, P. E., Hasselmann, M., Kummerlen, C., Kozar, R., Kutsogiannis, D. J., Karvellas, C. J., Besecker, B., Evans, D. K., Preiser, J.-C., Gramlich, L., et al. (2017) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-017-1736-8 · Cited by 153
“This challenge in obtaining functional outcomes post-ICU stay has been observed in similar trials, such as the EPaNIC trial, where only approximately 26% of enrolled patients were able to complete or provide data at the ICU discharge 6minute walk test [10].”
MethodFeeding the Critically Ill Patient
McClave, S. A., Martindale, R. G., Rice, T. W., & Heyland, D. K. (2014) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000000654 · Cited by 157
“Although the optimal timing remains unclear, adding supplemental PN to hypocaloric EN should be considered in the high-risk patient, at some point after the first few days in the ICU if enteral feeds are providing less than 60% of caloric and protein goal requirements (mimicking the control group who received late PN…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialLipids in the intensive care unit: Recommendations from the ESPEN Expert Group
Calder, P. C., Adolph, M., Deutz, N. E., Grau, T., Innes, J. K., Klek, S., Lev, S., Mayer, K., Michael-Titus, A. T., Pradelli, L., et al. (2018) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2017.08.032 · Cited by 158
“In terms of the safety of PN compared with EN in critically ill patients, whilst PN is associated with a lower mortality risk, particularly when compared to late EN, it has an increased risk of infectious complications [14,15].”
BackgroundWinning the war against ICU-acquired weakness: new innovations in nutrition and exercise physiology
Wischmeyer, P. E., & San-Millan, I. (2015) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/cc14724 · Cited by 153
Metadata
- Authors
- Casaer, M. P., Mesotten, D., Hermans, G., Wouters, P. J., Schetz, M., Meyfroidt, G., Van Cromphaut, S., Ingels, C., Meersseman, P., Muller, J., Vlasselaers, D., Debaveye, Y., Desmet, L., Dubois, J., Van Assche, A., Vanderheyden, S., Wilmer, A., & Van den Berghe, G.
- Affiliations
- KU Leuven (BE)
- Jessa Hospital (BE)
- ORCID
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2011-08-11
- Volume
- 365
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 506-517
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2162310928
- Semantic Scholar
- 43f68b96b74375a705c7271a7c056f6279b2a02c
- Cited by
- 1,696
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 85 · 2025: 102 · 2024: 99 · 2023: 77 · 2022: 82 · 2021: 111 · 2020: 119 · 2019: 107 · 2018: 101 · 2017: 123 · 2016: 115 · 2015: 154 · 2014: 162 · 2013: 135 · 2012: 93
- FWCI
- 122.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lirias (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- Vlaamse regering
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Enhanced Recovery After Surgery
- Keywords
- parenteral nutrition, timing of parenteral nutrition initiation, critically ill adults, intensive care unit, enteral nutrition, insulin infusion, normoglycemia, intensive care unit discharge, hospital discharge, cholestasis, mechanical ventilation duration, renal replacement therapy, health care costs, functional status
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Energy Intake, Enteral Nutrition, Female, Humans, Infections, Inflammation, Intensive Care Units, Length of Stay, Male, Middle Aged, Parenteral Nutrition, Prospective Studies, Time Factors, Critical Illness, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Kaplan-Meier Estimate
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
