Neural Responses to Taxation and Voluntary Giving Reveal Motives for Charitable Donations
Abstract
Civil societies function because people pay taxes and make charitable contributions to provide public goods. One possible motive for charitable contributions, called “pure altruism,” is satisfied by increases in the public good no matter the source or intent. Another possible motive, “warm glow,” is only fulfilled by an individual's own voluntary donations. Consistent with pure altruism, we find that even mandatory, tax-like transfers to a charity elicit neural activity in areas linked to reward processing. Moreover, neural responses to the charity's financial gains predict voluntary giving. However, consistent with warm glow, neural activity further increases when people make transfers voluntarily. Both pure altruism and warm-glow motives appear to determine the hedonic consequences of financial transfers to the public good.
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Adolescents and adults show heightened activation in the ventral striatum to eudaimonic rewards, such as prosocial decisions to help family, friends, or charities.
“Adolescents and adults also show heightened activation in the ventral striatum to eudaimonic rewards, such as prosocial decisions to help family, friends, or charities (22–27).”
From Neural sensitivity to eudaimonic and hedonic rewards differentially predict adolescent depressive symptoms over time (2014) · cites this paper as [22]
Neurobiological variables have only rarely been used as predictors of individual differences in altruism.
“and neurobiological variables have only rarely been used as predictors of individual differences in altruism (de Quervain et al., 2004;Harbaugh et al., 2007;Hare et al., 2010;Moll et al., 2006;Tricomi et al., 2010).”
From Linking Brain Structure and Activation in Temporoparietal Junction to Explain the Neurobiology of Human Altruism (2012) · cites this paper as Harbaugh et al., 2007
Several studies link activity in the striatum with giving behavior, suggesting that striatum activity signals the benefits of giving.
“Several studies link activity in the striatum with giving behavior, suggesting that striatum activity signals the benefits of giving 59–63.”
From The social brain and reward: Social information processing in the human striatum (2014) · cites this paper as [61]
Ventral and dorsal striatum appear to signal a vicarious reward when other parties (i.e., a charity or another person) receive rewards, regardless of whether any enhanced reputation can be gained.
“That is, ventral and dorsal striatum appear to signal a vicarious reward when other parties (i.e., a charity or another person) receive rewards, regardless of whether any enhanced reputation can be gained 60–63.”
From The social brain and reward: Social information processing in the human striatum (2014) · cites this paper as [61]
People are more satisfied when their own free choice (i.e., donation) benefits a charity and they exhibit greater ventral striatum activity compared to when the charity benefits the same amount without the donator's choice.
“However, people are more satisfied when their own free choice (i.e., donation) benefits a charity and they exhibit greater ventral striatum activity compared to when the charity benefits the same amount without the donator's choice 61, 64.”
From The social brain and reward: Social information processing in the human striatum (2014) · cites this paper as [61]
People value vicarious rewards and exhibit increased ventral striatum activity even when they are not responsible for the reward.
“Interestingly, people value vicarious rewards and exhibit increased ventral striatum activity even when they are not responsible for the reward 61–63.”
From The social brain and reward: Social information processing in the human striatum (2014) · cites this paper as [61]
In adults, providing financial support to charities engages the ventral striatum.
“in adults, providing financial support to charities engages the ventral striatum (Moll et al., 2006, Harbaugh et al., 2007).”
From Dopaminergic reward sensitivity can promote adolescent health: a new perspective on the mechanism of ventral striatum activation (2016) · cites this paper as Harbaugh et al., 2007
Engagement in prosocial behaviors activates high intensity, rewarding feelings that engage the dopaminergic reward system.
“Engagement in prosocial behaviors activates high intensity, rewarding feelings that engage the dopaminergic reward system. For instance, in adults, providing financial support to charities engages the ventral striatum (Moll et al., 2006, Harbaugh et al., 2007).”
From Dopaminergic reward sensitivity can promote adolescent health: a new perspective on the mechanism of ventral striatum activation (2016) · cites this paper as Harbaugh et al., 2007
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- Authors
- Harbaugh, W. T., Mayr, U., & Burghart, D. R.
- Affiliations
- National Bureau of Economic Research (US)
- Corresponding author
- Harbaugh, William T.
- Mayr, Ulrich
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2007-06-15
- Volume
- 316
- Issue
- 5831
- Pages
- 1622-1625
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2017341863
- Cited by
- 1,046
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 60 · 2020: 67 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 70 · 2015: 75 · 2014: 54 · 2013: 76 · 2012: 54
- FWCI
- 119.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01 AG19296-01A1, R21AG030783)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Nonprofit Sector and Volunteering
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- charitable giving, taxation, voluntary giving, pure altruism, warm glow, public goods, neural responses, reward processing, brain activity, civil society
- MeSH terms
- Altruism, Basal Ganglia, Cerebral Cortex, Charities, Choice Behavior, Female, Games, Experimental, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Motivation, Personal Satisfaction, Reward, Taxes, Gift Giving
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