Common and unique components of response inhibition revealed by fMRI
Abstract
The ability to inhibit inappropriate responses is central to cognitive control, but whether the same brain mechanisms mediate inhibition across different tasks is not known. We present evidence for a common set of frontal and parietal regions engaged in response inhibition across three tasks: a go/no-go task, a flanker task, and a stimulus-response compatibility task. Regions included bilateral anterior insula/frontal operculum and anterior prefrontal, right dorsolateral and premotor, and parietal cortices. Insula activity was positively correlated with interference costs in behavioral performance in each task. Principal components analysis showed a coherent pattern of individual differences in these regions that was also positively correlated with performance in all three tasks. However, correlations among tasks were low, for both brain activity and performance. We suggest that common interference detection and/or resolution mechanisms are engaged across tasks, and that inter-task correlations in behavioral performance are low because they conflate measurements of common mechanisms with measurements of individual biases unique to each task.
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Interference inhibition, action restraint, and action cancelation are all associated with activation of the IFG, anterior insula, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), pre-SMA, and parietal regions.
“Interference inhibition, action restraint and action cancelation are all associated with activation of the IFG, anterior insula, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), pre-SMA, and parietal regions (Wager et al., 2005; Nee et al., 2007; Sebastian et al., 2013b).”
From Response Inhibition and Interference Control in Obsessive–Compulsive Spectrum Disorders (2014) · cites this paper as Wager et al., 2005
Previous research has demonstrated a linear relationship between neural activity of the anterior insula and task performance across three response inhibition tasks (Flanker, Go/NoGo etc.).
“The previous research has demonstrated a linear relationship between the neural activity of the anterior insula and task performance across three response inhibition tasks (Flanker, Go/NoGo etc.) (Wager et al. 2005), which were included in the current meta-analysis.”
From Large-scale functional neural network correlates of response inhibition: an fMRI meta-analysis (2017) · cites this paper as Wager et al. 2005
Activation in right inferior parietal regions has been a very consistent finding across fMRI studies of response inhibition.
“activation in right inferior parietal regions has been a very consistent finding across fMRI studies of response inhibition”
From Meta-analysis of Go/No-go tasks demonstrating that fMRI activation associated with response inhibition is task-dependent (2008) · cites this paper as Wager et al., 2005
Recruitment of the RIFC is not a universal finding; many fMRI and lesion studies of response inhibition fail to report involvement of this region.
“Recruitment of the RIFC is not a universal finding, with many fMRI and lesion studies of response inhibition failing to report involvement of this region”
From Meta-analysis of Go/No-go tasks demonstrating that fMRI activation associated with response inhibition is task-dependent (2008) · cites this paper as Wager et al., 2005
The DLS and DMS differ in their contribution to the inhibition of competing, but incorrect responses.
“The DLS and DMS also appear to differ in their contribution to the inhibition of competing, but incorrect responses”
From Contributions of the striatum to learning, motivation, and performance: an associative account (2012) · cites this paper as [37]
Neuroimaging research has implicated the DMS, more strongly than the DLS, in inhibiting responding on No Go trials.
“Neuroimaging research has implicated the DMS, more strongly than the DLS, in inhibiting responding on No Go trials [36,37].”
From Contributions of the striatum to learning, motivation, and performance: an associative account (2012) · cites this paper as [37]
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“…inhibitory systems, which operate across multiple tasks, have been identified in dorsal frontoparietal cortices (Aron, Robbins, & Poldrack, 2014; Hazeltine, Poldrack, & Gabrieli, 2007; Nee, Wager, & Jonides, 2007; Wager et al., 2005; Bunge, Hazeltine, Scanlon, Rosen, & Gabrieli, 2002).”
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“Multiple cognitive control tasks like the Flanker, Stroop, and Simon tasks, which require the inhibition of automatic overlearned response tendencies, have been found to engage a domain-general control network identified in the dorsolateral fronto-parietal cortices (Aron et al., 2014; Bunge et al., 2002; Hazeltine et…”
- Authors
- Wager, T. D., Sylvester, C.-Y. C., Lacey, S. C., Nee, D. E., Franklin, M., & Jonides, J.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wager, Tor D.
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-08
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 323-340
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2148002450
- Cited by
- 486
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 10.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Free Will and Agency
- Keywords
- response inhibition, cognitive control, go/no-go task, flanker task, stimulus-response compatibility, anterior insula, frontal operculum, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, premotor cortex, parietal cortex, individual differences
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Cerebral Cortex, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Individuality, Inhibition, Psychological, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Nerve Net, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Reading, Saccades
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