Common neural responses to romantic rejection and acceptance in healthy adults
Open accessAbstract
Although romantic rejection and acceptance have a strong impact on mood in adults, their neural response patterns are relatively unexplored. The present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine neural responses to romantic rejection and acceptance in 36 healthy men and women, ages 18-53 years. Activations during rejection showed extensive anatomical overlap with activations during acceptance in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) and anterior insula (AI). In an analysis of sex differences, men and women did not differ in behavioral responses; however, men showed greater activation to romantic rejection and acceptance in the left vlPFC and AI compared to women. The vlPFC and AI may play a role in social cognition, tuned to detect the intentions and feelings of others whether they are positive or negative. In the context of romantic rejection and acceptance, this activation may signal the intent of others who are desired by the individual, leading to changes in mood, self-esteem, and social motivation.
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Upon learning of one's own desirability, the posterior temporal sulcus, medial prefrontal cortex, anterior insular cortex, and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex are activated; following rejection from a potential romantic interest, the anterior insular cortex and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex are also recruited.
“Upon learning of one’s own desirability, the posterior temporal sulcus, mPFC, aIC, and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) are activated; however, following rejection from a potential romantic interest, the aIC and dACC are also recruited [106,107,108].”
From The Neurobiology of Love and Pair Bonding from Human and Animal Perspectives (2023) · cites this paper as [107]
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- Authors
- Hsu, D. T., Sankar, A., Malik, M. A., Langenecker, S. A., Mickey, B. J., & Love, T. M.
- Affiliations
- Stony Brook University (US)
- Yale University (US)
- University of Utah (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hsu, David T.
- Venue
- Social Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2020-09-02
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 571-583
- ISSN
- 1747-0919 (ISSN-L)
- 1747-0927
- PMC
- PMC7674199
- OpenAlex
- W3044727060
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 2.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Social Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K01 MH085035 (DTH) and R01 MH102264 (DTH))
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Keywords
- romantic rejection, neural responses, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior insula, sex differences, social cognition, social motivation, mood, self-esteem
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Affect, Cerebral Cortex, Cognition, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Motivation, Nervous System Physiological Phenomena, Rejection, Psychology, Self Concept, Sex Characteristics, Social Perception, Prefrontal Cortex, Young Adult
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