Being liked activates primary reward and midline self‐related brain regions
Open accessAbstract
The experience of being liked is a key social event and fundamental to motivating human behavior, though little is known about its neural underpinnings. In this study, we examined the experience of being liked in a group of 15‐ to 24‐year‐old: a cohort for whom forming friendships has a great degree of salience, and for whom the explicit representation of relationships is familiar from their frequent use of social networking technologies. Study participants ( n = 19) were led to believe that other participants had formed an opinion on their likability based on their appearance in a photograph, and during fMRI scanning viewed the photographs of people who had purportedly responded favorably to them (alongside photographs of control participants). Results indicated that being liked activated primary reward‐ and self‐related regions, including the nucleus accumbens, midbrain (in an area corresponding to the ventral tegmentum), ventromedial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex (including retrosplenial cortex), amygdala, and insula/opercular cortex. Participants showed greater activation of ventromedial prefrontal cortex and amygdala in response to being liked by people that they regarded highly compared to those they regarded less so. Finally, being liked by the opposite compared to the same gender activated the right caudal orbitofrontal cortex and right anterior insula: areas important for the representation of primary somatic rewards. This study demonstrates that neural response to being liked has features that are consistent with response to other rewarding events, but it has additional features that reflect its intrinsically interpersonal character. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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The ventral striatum shows evidence of modulation based on receiving positive compared to neutral or negative social feedback.
“The ventral striatum also shows evidence of modulation based on receiving positive (i.e., being told another person likes you) compared to neutral or negative social feedback 42, 43.”
From The social brain and reward: Social information processing in the human striatum (2014) · cites this paper as [43]
Adolescents, like adults, display striatum responses to positive social feedback (i.e., being liked), but adolescents higher in social anxiety display an increased striatum response to positive relative to negative social feedback.
“Interestingly, other research shows that adolescents, like adults, display striatum responses to positive social feedback 42, 43 (i.e., being liked), but also that adolescents higher in social anxiety display an increased striatum response to positive relative to negative social feedback 42.”
From The social brain and reward: Social information processing in the human striatum (2014) · cites this paper as [43]
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- Authors
- Davey, C. G., Allen, N. B., Harrison, B. J., Dwyer, D. B., & Yücel, M.
- Affiliations
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Venue
- Human Brain Mapping
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-03-10
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 660-668
- ISSN
- 1065-9471 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0193
- PMC
- PMC6871234
- OpenAlex
- W2016878104
- Cited by
- 155
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Human Brain Mapping (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Pfizer
- Pfizer Australia
- Medical Research Council
- National Health and Medical Research Council (400420)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Keywords
- social reward, primary reward, self-referential processing, nucleus accumbens, ventral tegmental area, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, amygdala, posterior cingulate cortex, insula, gender differences, young adults, social networking
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Brain, Brain Mapping, Face, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Judgment, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neuropsychological Tests, Photic Stimulation, Reward, Sex Characteristics, Visual Perception, Cohort Studies, Young Adult
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