Do you like me? Neural correlates of social evaluation and developmental trajectories
Abstract
Social acceptance is of key importance for healthy functioning. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine age-related changes in the neural correlates of social acceptance and rejection processing. Participants from four age groups participated in the study: pre-pubertal children (8-10 years), early adolescents (12-14 years), older adolescents (16-17 years) and young adults (19-25 years). During the experiment, participants were presented with unfamiliar faces of peers and were asked to predict whether they expected to be liked or disliked by the other person, followed by feedback indicating acceptance or rejection. Results showed that activation in the ventral mPFC and striatum to social feedback was context-dependent; there was increased activation when participants had positive expectations about social evaluation, and increased activation following social acceptance feedback. Age-related comparisons revealed a linear increase in activity with age in these brain regions for positive expectations of social evaluation. Similarly, a linear increase with age was found for activation in the striatum, ventral mPFC, OFC, and lateral PFC for rejection feedback. No age-related differences in neural activation were shown for social acceptance feedback. Together, these results provide important insights in the developmental trajectories of brain regions implicated in social and affective behavior.
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Neural responses to positive feedback mature earlier than neural responses to negative feedback.
“other fMRI evidence for earlier maturation of neural responses to positive than negative feedback”
From Rewards, aversions and affect in adolescence: emerging convergences across laboratory animal and human data (2011) · cites this paper as Gunther Moor et al, 2010
Activation to negative feedback or aversive consequences increases with age in various cognitive control regions.
“gradual age-related increases in activation to negative feedback/aversive consequences in a variety of cognitive control regions”
From Rewards, aversions and affect in adolescence: emerging convergences across laboratory animal and human data (2011) · cites this paper as Gunther Moor et al, 2010
The ventral striatum shows evidence of modulation based on receiving positive compared to neutral or negative social feedback.
“The ventral striatum also shows evidence of modulation based on receiving positive (i.e., being told another person likes you) compared to neutral or negative social feedback 42, 43.”
From The social brain and reward: Social information processing in the human striatum (2014) · cites this paper as [42]
Adolescents, like adults, display striatum responses to positive social feedback (i.e., being liked), but adolescents higher in social anxiety display an increased striatum response to positive relative to negative social feedback.
“Interestingly, other research shows that adolescents, like adults, display striatum responses to positive social feedback 42, 43 (i.e., being liked), but also that adolescents higher in social anxiety display an increased striatum response to positive relative to negative social feedback 42.”
From The social brain and reward: Social information processing in the human striatum (2014) · cites this paper as [42]
Exclusion differs from fair play by defying widely-held baseline expectations of approximate fairness, thereby inducing expectancy violations.
“exclusion differs from fair play by defying widely-held baseline expectations of approximate fairness (Gunther Moor et al., 2010; Rodman et al., 2017), thereby inducing expectancy violations”
From Feeling left out or just surprised? Neural correlates of social exclusion and overinclusion in adolescence (2020) · cites this paper as Gunther Moor et al., 2010
The reciprocal social evaluation paradigm has been shown to elicit genuine experiences of social evaluation.
“a well-validated paradigm that has been shown to elicit genuine experiences of social evaluation (20–23).”
From Development of self-protective biases in response to social evaluative feedback (2017) · cites this paper as [20]
One prior study showed that early adolescents expected to be liked less frequently than adults.
“these findings are consistent with one prior study showing that early adolescents expected to be liked less frequently than adults (20).”
From Development of self-protective biases in response to social evaluative feedback (2017) · cites this paper as [20]
Getting another person to like one's self-expression elicits feelings of validation, confers positive status and regard, and leads to positive emotions.
“Likes on social media are quantifiable, public signs of status (see Nesi & Prinstein, 2018 for digital status-seeking on social media), and so getting another person to like one’s self-expression elicits feelings of validation, conferring positive status and regard, and thus leads to positive emotions (Davey, Allen, Harrison, Dwyer, & Yücel, 2009; Gunther Moor, van Leijenhorst, Rombouts, Crone, &”
From Getting Fewer “Likes” Than Others on Social Media Elicits Emotional Distress Among Victimized Adolescents (2020) · cites this paper as Gunther Moor, van Leijenhorst, Rombouts, Crone, & Van der Molen, 2010
The VS reacts to both positively and negatively valenced contexts, and the amygdala reacts to both negatively and positively valenced contexts.
“Indeed, the VS reacts to not only positively valenced contexts but also negative ones (e.g., peer acceptance and rejection; Gunther Moor et al., 2010; Guyer et al., 2015, Guyer et al., 2012a, Guyer et al., 2012b), and the amygdala reacts to not only negatively valenced contexts but also positive ones (e.g., fearful and happy faces; Canli et al., 2002, or negative/threatening and positive/interest”
From Adolescent neurobiological susceptibility to social context (2016) · cites this paper as Gunther Moor et al., 2010
Activation of the striatum (particularly the putamen) and vmPFC linearly increased across ages 10-21 to both anticipating peer acceptance and receiving peer rejection.
“Gunther Moor et al. (2010) showing that activation of the striatum, particularly, the putamen, and vmPFC linearly increased across ages 10–21 to both anticipating peer acceptance and receiving peer rejection.”
From Adolescent neurobiological susceptibility to social context (2016) · cites this paper as Gunther Moor et al., 2010
In adults, the subACC activated to being accepted when expecting peer acceptance and rejected when expecting peer rejection.
“Gunther Moor et al. (2010) found that, in adults, the subACC activated to being accepted when expecting peer acceptance and rejected when expecting peer rejection.”
From Adolescent neurobiological susceptibility to social context (2016) · cites this paper as Gunther Moor et al., 2010
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- Authors
- Gunther Moor, B., van Leijenhorst, L., Rombouts, S. A. R. B., Crone, E. A., & Van der Molen, M. W.
- Affiliations
- Leiden University (NL)
- Venue
- Social Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2010-10-14
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 5-6
- Pages
- 461-482
- ISSN
- 1747-0919 (ISSN-L)
- 1747-0927
- OpenAlex
- W1964598640
- Cited by
- 231
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 5.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Social Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Keywords
- social evaluation, social acceptance, social rejection, neural correlates, developmental trajectories, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, striatum, orbitofrontal cortex, lateral prefrontal cortex, social feedback, peer liking, brain aging, children and adolescents
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Brain, Child, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Photic Stimulation, Reaction Time, Social Behavior, Feedback, Psychological, Young Adult
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