Cited by 568Cancer, Hypoxia, and MetabolismRedox biology and oxidative stressMitochondrial Function and Pathology

The Qo site of the mitochondrial complex III is required for the transduction of hypoxic signaling via reactive oxygen species production

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Bell, Eric L., Klimova, Tatyana A., Eisenbart, James, Moraes, Carlos T., Murphy, Michael P., Budinger, G.R. Scott, Chandel, Navdeep S.·2007·The Journal of Cell Biology

Abstract

Mammalian cells increase transcription of genes for adaptation to hypoxia through the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) protein. How cells transduce hypoxic signals to stabilize the HIF-1α protein remains unresolved. We demonstrate that cells deficient in the complex III subunit cytochrome b, which are respiratory incompetent, increase ROS levels and stabilize the HIF-1α protein during hypoxia. RNA interference of the complex III subunit Rieske iron sulfur protein in the cytochrome b–null cells and treatment of wild-type cells with stigmatellin abolished reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation at the Qo site of complex III. These interventions maintained hydroxylation of HIF-1α protein and prevented stabilization of HIF-1α protein during hypoxia. Antioxidants maintained hydroxylation of HIF-1α protein and prevented stabilization of HIF-1α protein during hypoxia. Exogenous hydrogen peroxide under normoxia prevented hydroxylation of HIF-1α protein and stabilized HIF-1α protein. These results provide genetic and pharmacologic evidence that the Qo site of complex III is required for the transduction of hypoxic signal by releasing ROS to stabilize the HIF-1α protein.

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  • Mitochondria have been proposed to serve as a cellular oxygen sensor, such that in hypoxic conditions, mitochondrial ROS production by complex III leads to stabilization of HIF1α and downstream hypoxic adaptation.

    “For example, mitochondria have been proposed to serve as a cellular oxygen sensor, such that in hypoxic conditions, mitochondrial ROS production by complex III leads to the stabilization of HIF1α and downstream hypoxic adaptation (84, 997).”
  • Mitochondria are a physiologically significant source of ROS with important implications in physiology, not only in cardiovascular disease but in many other conditions like aging.

    “Mitochondria are a physiologically significant source of ROS with important implications in physiology, not only in cardiovascular disease but in many other conditions like aging (57, 84, 136, 165, 170, 290, 864, 997).”
  • Another method that depends on the interaction of O2•− and NO• is the formation of dityrosine from tyrosine by ONOO−.

    “Another method that depends on the interaction of O2•− and NO• is the formation of dityrosine from tyrosine by ONOO− (29); Fig. 7 shows an example of the dynamic changes in dityrosine formation in intact hearts during a change in temperature and drug treatment.”
  • NO• is not ionized and so is much more membrane permeable and can compete for O2•− with SOD to produce the nonradical ONOO−, which protonates at a low pH to ONOOH, which is highly reactive to tissues.

    “NO• is not ionized and so is much more membrane permeable and can compete for O2•− with SOD to produce the nonradical ONOO− (29), which protonates at a low pH to ONOOH, which is highly reactive to tissues.”
  • Genetic and pharmacologic interventions that limit ROS production at complex III inhibit the ability of cells to respond to acute hypoxia without limiting their ability to respond to interventions that mimic hypoxia.

    “Genetic and pharmacologic interventions that limit ROS production at complex III inhibit the ability of cells to respond to acute hypoxia without limiting their ability to respond to interventions that mimic hypoxia (6, 10, 11, 21, 31).”

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Authors
Bell, E. L., Klimova, T. A., Eisenbart, J., Moraes, C. T., Murphy, M. P., Budinger, G. R. S., & Chandel, N. S.
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Medicine
  • University of Miami (US)
  • MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit (GB)
  • Northwestern University (US)
Corresponding author
Eisenbart, James
Venue
The Journal of Cell Biology
Published
2007-06-11
Volume
177
Issue
6
Pages
1029-1036
ISSN
  • 0021-9525 (ISSN-L)
  • 1540-8140
OpenAlex
W2020498032
Cited by
568
References
52
Citations by year
2026: 17 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 40
FWCI
12.38
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc-sa
Locations
  • The Journal of Cell Biology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P01HL071643)
  • National Cancer Institute (CA123067-01, R01CA123067)
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM60472-07, R01GM060472)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Keywords
mitochondrial complex III, Qo site, cytochrome b, Rieske iron-sulfur protein, hypoxia signaling, HIF-1α stabilization, reactive oxygen species, HIF-1α hydroxylation, stigmatellin, antioxidants, hydrogen peroxide, hypoxia-inducible factor
MeSH terms
Animals, Electron Transport Complex III, Signal Transduction, Cell Hypoxia, Reactive Oxygen Species, Mitochondrial Proteins, Cytochromes b, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit

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